[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3273},["ShallowReactive",2],{"glossary-webhooks":3,"glossary-related":70},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":51,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":53,"meta":56,"navigation":57,"path":58,"related":59,"seo":63,"seoDescription":64,"seoTitle":65,"shortDescription":66,"slug":67,"stem":68,"term":5,"__hash__":69},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fwebhooks.md","Webhooks",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":46},"minimark",[9,14,23],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"what-are-webhooks","What are webhooks?",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"A ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"webhook"," is a message a platform sends to your systems automatically, the moment something happens — a candidate submitting an exam, passing, or a certificate being issued. Instead of your code repeatedly asking \"has anything changed?\", the platform pushes the event to you as it occurs.",[15,24,25,26,31,32,36,37,40,41,45],{},"Webhooks are what make real-time automation possible: a pass can instantly update your CRM, trigger an email, or unlock the next step in a workflow. Where an ",[27,28,30],"a",{"href":29},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fapis\u002F","API"," lets you ",[33,34,35],"em",{},"pull"," data and take actions, webhooks ",[33,38,39],{},"push"," events to you. Synap fires webhooks for key events — see ",[27,42,44],{"href":43},"\u002Ftechnical\u002Fapis\u002F","APIs and webhooks",".",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":49},"",2,[50],{"id":12,"depth":48,"text":13},"Standards & integrations","md",[54],{"label":55,"to":43},"APIs & webhooks",{},true,"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwebhooks",[60,61,62],"apis","lti","white-labelling",{"description":47},"A webhook is an automated message a platform sends to your systems the moment an event happens — for example when a candidate submits an exam or passes — enabling real-time automation.","What is a webhook?","Automated messages a platform sends to your systems the moment an event happens, such as a candidate passing.","webhooks","glossary\u002Fwebhooks","-cANOo_N6amPJYOPJsHw6EKutGHHzPfNFCZp-cc3_AM",[71,123,166,231,285,330,378,424,472,511,558,605,676,725,796,861,899,940,1001,1048,1093,1139,1183,1235,1297,1353,1402,1441,1483,1536,1577,1628,1681,1726,1777,1812,1853,1898,1942,1991,2032,2089,2136,2178,2229,2273,2315,2363,2416,2460,2513,2565,2602,2640,2672,2736,2777,2836,2896,2939,2979,3035,3072,3124,3165,3205,3232],{"id":72,"title":73,"body":74,"category":104,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":105,"meta":109,"navigation":57,"path":110,"related":111,"seo":115,"seoDescription":116,"seoTitle":117,"shortDescription":118,"slug":119,"stem":120,"term":121,"__hash__":122},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Faccommodations.md","Accommodations",{"type":7,"value":75,"toc":101},[76,80,93],[10,77,79],{"id":78},"what-are-accommodations","What are accommodations?",[15,81,82,84,85,88,89,92],{},[19,83,73],{}," — known in the UK as ",[33,86,87],{},"reasonable adjustments"," — are changes to how a candidate sits an exam that give them fair access without changing what's being assessed. The most common is ",[19,90,91],{},"extra time",", but they also include rest breaks, assistive technology, modified formats and separate rooms.",[15,94,95,96,100],{},"The principle is fairness, not advantage: an accommodation removes a barrier that isn't part of what the exam is meant to measure. A good platform makes them easy to grant per candidate — for example a personal extra-time allowance — and applies them automatically on exam day. This works alongside built-in accessibility to ",[27,97,99],{"href":98},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwcag\u002F","WCAG"," standards.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":102},[103],{"id":78,"depth":48,"text":79},"Accessibility",[106],{"label":107,"to":108},"Assessment security","\u002Fonline-exam-platform\u002Fsecurity\u002F",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Faccommodations",[112,113,114],"wcag","bookmark","high-stakes-exams",{"description":47},"Accommodations, or reasonable adjustments, are changes to how a candidate sits an exam — such as extra time or assistive technology — that give fair access without altering what is assessed.","What are accommodations (reasonable adjustments) in exams?","Adjustments that give candidates with a disability or specific need fair access to an exam — such as extra time.","accommodations","glossary\u002Faccommodations","Accommodations (reasonable adjustments)","kv2jmhws76wiozkMtVY8rkkKHDtM6Jq-RGacrAnsJYk",{"id":124,"title":125,"body":126,"category":51,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":155,"meta":157,"navigation":57,"path":158,"related":159,"seo":160,"seoDescription":161,"seoTitle":131,"shortDescription":162,"slug":60,"stem":163,"term":164,"__hash__":165},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fapis.md","Apis",{"type":7,"value":127,"toc":152},[128,132,138],[10,129,131],{"id":130},"what-is-an-api","What is an API?",[15,133,134,135,137],{},"An ",[19,136,30],{}," — Application Programming Interface — is the way one piece of software talks to another. It lets your own systems create, read and control data on a platform programmatically: enrolling candidates, launching exams, pulling results, and more, without anyone doing it by hand.",[15,139,140,141,144,145,148,149,45],{},"A comprehensive API is what makes an assessment platform ",[33,142,143],{},"automatable"," — you can wire it into your CRM, LMS, hiring system or internal tools. Paired with ",[27,146,67],{"href":147},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwebhooks\u002F"," (which push events out in real time), an API turns a platform into a building block of your own workflow. Explore ",[27,150,151],{"href":43},"Synap's APIs and webhooks",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":153},[154],{"id":130,"depth":48,"text":131},[156],{"label":55,"to":43},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fapis",[67,61,62],{"description":47},"An API (Application Programming Interface) is a programmatic interface that lets other software systems create, read and control data on a platform — automating what a person would otherwise do by hand.","A programmatic interface that lets other systems create, read and control data on a platform.","glossary\u002Fapis","API (Application Programming Interface)","92fBAFAvAfu4fCm1qXfgsQGunnJ9mwTfVo43DvQ7Fnw",{"id":167,"title":168,"body":169,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":216,"meta":219,"navigation":57,"path":220,"related":221,"seo":224,"seoDescription":225,"seoTitle":174,"shortDescription":226,"slug":227,"stem":228,"term":229,"__hash__":230},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fawarding-body.md","Awarding Body",{"type":7,"value":170,"toc":212},[171,175,185],[10,172,174],{"id":173},"what-is-an-awarding-body","What is an awarding body?",[15,176,134,177,180,181,184],{},[19,178,179],{},"awarding body"," (or ",[33,182,183],{},"awarding organisation",") is an organisation with the recognised authority to set exams and issue qualifications or certifications. It's responsible for the standard those qualifications represent — and, therefore, for the integrity of the exams behind them.",[15,186,187,188,192,193,197,198,202,203,207,208,45],{},"Awarding bodies carry a heavy assurance burden: their credentials are only as trusted as their ",[27,189,191],{"href":190},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fstandardised-testing\u002F","standardised",", ",[27,194,196],{"href":195},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-stakes-exams\u002F","high-stakes"," exams. That's why they care so much about security, defensible ",[27,199,201],{"href":200},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fgrading\u002F","grading"," and ",[27,204,206],{"href":205},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpsychometrics\u002F","psychometric"," evidence. Many run their assessments on Synap — see ",[27,209,211],{"href":210},"\u002Fuse-case\u002Fhigh-stakes-exams\u002F","high-stakes exams",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":213},[214],{"id":173,"depth":48,"text":174},"Assessment concepts",[217],{"label":218,"to":210},"High-stakes exams on Synap",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fawarding-body",[222,114,223],"professional-organisation","standardised-testing",{"description":47},"An awarding body is an organisation with the authority to set exams and issue recognised qualifications or certifications, responsible for their standards and integrity.","An organisation with the authority to set exams and issue recognised qualifications or certifications.","awarding-body","glossary\u002Fawarding-body","Awarding body","Kl-90z0YBO9ce9QdXWAYnVZGBw_6UEEVzM7g6FuY_cU",{"id":232,"title":233,"body":234,"category":267,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":268,"meta":271,"navigation":57,"path":272,"related":273,"seo":277,"seoDescription":278,"seoTitle":279,"shortDescription":280,"slug":281,"stem":282,"term":283,"__hash__":284},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fback-reading.md","Back Reading",{"type":7,"value":235,"toc":264},[236,240,251],[10,237,239],{"id":238},"what-is-back-reading","What is back-reading?",[15,241,242,245,246,250],{},[19,243,244],{},"Back-reading"," is a quality-assurance role in which a senior marker re-reads a sample of already-marked responses — after marking — to confirm that the standard has been applied correctly and consistently. Unlike ",[27,247,249],{"href":248},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fmoderating-marking\u002F","moderation",", which is part of arriving at the mark, back-reading is a check on the marking that has already happened.",[15,252,253,254,258,259,263],{},"It's a common safeguard in high-stakes exams, giving awarding bodies confidence that marking held up across the whole cohort. Synap supports back-reading alongside ",[27,255,257],{"href":256},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fprovisional-marking\u002F","provisional",", moderating, escalation and auditing marker roles in its ",[27,260,262],{"href":261},"\u002Fonline-exam-platform\u002Fgrading\u002F","marking"," workflow.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":265},[266],{"id":238,"depth":48,"text":239},"Marking",[269],{"label":270,"to":261},"Marking & grading on Synap",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fback-reading",[274,275,276],"moderating-marking","provisional-marking","escalation-marking",{"description":47},"Back-reading is a quality-assurance step where a senior marker re-reads a sample of already-marked responses to check that marking has been applied correctly and consistently.","What is back-reading in marking?","A quality-assurance marker who re-reads a sample of marked responses to check marking quality after the fact.","back-reading","glossary\u002Fback-reading","Back-reading (marker role)","kzWHKvDYr3IxEdmv6_sCksEeIk_aTBLud9lpiymDwzk",{"id":286,"title":287,"body":288,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":315,"meta":319,"navigation":57,"path":320,"related":321,"seo":323,"seoDescription":324,"seoTitle":325,"shortDescription":326,"slug":113,"stem":327,"term":328,"__hash__":329},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbookmark.md","Bookmark",{"type":7,"value":289,"toc":311},[290,294,304],[10,291,293],{"id":292},"what-is-bookmarking-a-question","What is bookmarking a question?",[15,295,296,299,300,303],{},[19,297,298],{},"Bookmarking"," (sometimes called ",[33,301,302],{},"flagging",") is a simple but important exam tool: it lets a candidate mark a question during an exam so they can come back to it before submitting. Rather than getting stuck, they can move on, and easily find the flagged questions again at the end.",[15,305,306,307,45],{},"It's part of a familiar suite of on-screen tools that make a digital exam feel natural — alongside a calculator, highlighter, notepad and strike-through. Small features like these reduce friction and let candidates focus on the questions themselves. Synap includes them across its exams and ",[27,308,310],{"href":309},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpractice-exams\u002F","mocks",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":312},[313],{"id":292,"depth":48,"text":293},"Platform",[316],{"label":317,"to":318},"Exam prep, revision & mocks","\u002Fuse-case\u002Fexam-preparation\u002F",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbookmark",[322,119,114],"practice-exams",{"description":47},"Bookmarking (or flagging) a question lets a candidate mark it during an exam so they can easily return to it later, before submitting their attempt.","What does it mean to bookmark a question?","A candidate tool for flagging a question during an exam, to return to it before submitting.","glossary\u002Fbookmark","Bookmark (a question)","Minvx8S3RwcVf9qRQc45Tfy9nTSHon1RM5SRcu2NG90",{"id":331,"title":332,"body":333,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":361,"meta":365,"navigation":57,"path":366,"related":367,"seo":370,"seoDescription":371,"seoTitle":372,"shortDescription":373,"slug":374,"stem":375,"term":376,"__hash__":377},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fbyod.md","Byod",{"type":7,"value":334,"toc":358},[335,339,345],[10,336,338],{"id":337},"what-is-byod","What is BYOD?",[15,340,341,344],{},[19,342,343],{},"BYOD"," — Bring Your Own Device — means candidates sit an exam on their own hardware (a personal laptop or tablet) rather than on machines the institution provides. It removes the cost and logistics of maintaining computer labs, and lets exams run wherever candidates are.",[15,346,347,348,352,353,357],{},"The trade-off is control: you can't lock down a device you don't own the way you can a managed one. That's why BYOD exams rely on a ",[27,349,351],{"href":350},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flockdown-browser\u002F","lockdown"," environment and ",[27,354,356],{"href":355},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fproctoring\u002F","proctoring"," to keep them secure, plus a platform that works reliably across whatever devices candidates bring. Synap supports BYOD delivery on any device.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":359},[360],{"id":337,"depth":48,"text":338},[362],{"label":363,"to":364},"Online proctoring","\u002Fonline-exam-platform\u002Fproctoring\u002F",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fbyod",[368,356,369],"lockdown-browser","concurrency",{"description":47},"BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) means candidates sit an exam on their own laptop or tablet rather than institution hardware — cutting cost and logistics, secured with lockdown and proctoring.","What is BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) in exams?","Letting candidates sit an exam on their own laptop or tablet, rather than on institution-provided hardware.","byod","glossary\u002Fbyod","BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)","e7h-7VHQy8w1oEJtXONo2a_324MbnVMbxbWAicu8tuM",{"id":379,"title":380,"body":381,"category":407,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":408,"meta":411,"navigation":57,"path":412,"related":413,"seo":417,"seoDescription":418,"seoTitle":419,"shortDescription":420,"slug":391,"stem":421,"term":422,"__hash__":423},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fcloze.md","Cloze",{"type":7,"value":382,"toc":404},[383,387,397],[10,384,386],{"id":385},"what-is-a-cloze-question","What is a cloze question?",[15,388,17,389,392,393,396],{},[19,390,391],{},"cloze"," question — also called a ",[33,394,395],{},"gap-fill"," — presents a passage or structure with one or more blanks that the candidate must complete. It tests recall and understanding in context rather than simple recognition.",[15,398,399,400,45],{},"Cloze questions come in a few flavours: typing the answer into the gap, selecting it from a dropdown, or dragging the correct item into place. Because the accepted answers are defined in advance, cloze questions are marked automatically and instantly — Synap supports all three variants as part of its ",[27,401,403],{"href":402},"\u002Fonline-exam-platform\u002Fauthoring\u002Fquestion-types\u002F","question types",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":405},[406],{"id":385,"depth":48,"text":386},"Question formats",[409],{"label":410,"to":402},"Question types on Synap",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcloze",[414,415,416],"multiple-choice-question","short-answer-question","single-best-answer",{"description":47},"A cloze question presents a passage with gaps that the candidate completes — by typing, choosing from a dropdown, or dragging the correct item into place.","What is a cloze (gap-fill) question?","A question with gaps in a passage that the candidate completes by typing, selecting or dragging in the missing content.","glossary\u002Fcloze","Cloze (gap-fill)","8qA_XwvG-cDI72ogpJKSH3IjxR19d8JJ2P5D0wUGQgU",{"id":425,"title":426,"body":427,"category":454,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":455,"meta":459,"navigation":57,"path":460,"related":461,"seo":465,"seoDescription":466,"seoTitle":467,"shortDescription":468,"slug":469,"stem":470,"term":437,"__hash__":471},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fcohort-analysis.md","Cohort Analysis",{"type":7,"value":428,"toc":451},[429,433,439],[10,430,432],{"id":431},"what-is-cohort-analysis","What is cohort analysis?",[15,434,435,438],{},[19,436,437],{},"Cohort analysis"," steps back from the individual to look at a whole group of learners — a class, a year group, an intake — together. It reveals patterns you can't see one learner at a time: which topics a cohort struggles with, how one intake compares to another, or how performance shifts over time.",[15,440,441,442,446,447,45],{},"For assessment teams, cohort analysis informs decisions about teaching, curriculum and the exam itself. Combined with ",[27,443,445],{"href":444},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fquestion-statistics\u002F","question statistics"," and tag-level breakdowns by subject and skill, it turns raw results into insight. It builds on the same data as individual ",[27,448,450],{"href":449},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flearner-analytics\u002F","learner analytics",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":452},[453],{"id":431,"depth":48,"text":432},"Analytics",[456],{"label":457,"to":458},"Standardised testing on Synap","\u002Fuse-case\u002Fsingle-best-answer\u002F",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcohort-analysis",[462,463,464],"learner-analytics","question-statistics","predictive-analytics",{"description":47},"Cohort analysis examines the performance of a whole group of learners together — comparing groups and spotting patterns by topic, skill or over time.","What is cohort analysis in assessment?","Looking at the performance of a whole group of learners together, to compare and spot patterns.","cohort-analysis","glossary\u002Fcohort-analysis","ZYhLfTb7CNF3PsFUzI0fNHCzldiGqXWmcyVLc52FKIo",{"id":473,"title":474,"body":475,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":497,"meta":500,"navigation":57,"path":501,"related":502,"seo":504,"seoDescription":505,"seoTitle":506,"shortDescription":507,"slug":369,"stem":508,"term":509,"__hash__":510},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fconcurrency.md","Concurrency",{"type":7,"value":476,"toc":494},[477,481,486],[10,478,480],{"id":479},"what-is-concurrency","What is concurrency?",[15,482,483,485],{},[19,484,474],{}," is the number of candidates taking an exam at the same moment. It's one of the truest tests of an assessment platform, because exam day is rarely spread out — thousands of candidates often start within the same few minutes.",[15,487,488,489,493],{},"A platform that copes with high concurrency stays fast and available at that peak, without slowing down or dropping candidates mid-exam. It takes infrastructure built for the spike, not the average. Synap is built for large-scale, ",[27,490,492],{"href":491},"\u002Fuse-case\u002Flarge-scale-high-concurrency\u002F","high-concurrency"," delivery with thousands of simultaneous starts.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":495},[496],{"id":479,"depth":48,"text":480},[498],{"label":499,"to":491},"Large-scale, high-concurrency exams",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fconcurrency",[114,503,60],"role-based-access",{"description":47},"Concurrency refers to the number of candidates taking exams at the same moment. High concurrency — thousands starting at once — is a key test of an exam platform's scale and reliability.","What is concurrency in online exams?","The number of candidates sitting exams at the same moment — a key measure of a platform's scale.","glossary\u002Fconcurrency","Concurrent exams (concurrency)","dpgrnd0RXpWXtxjs21GUIXivhFZYwIeALllb3Uqzdjs",{"id":512,"title":513,"body":514,"category":267,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":544,"meta":546,"navigation":57,"path":547,"related":548,"seo":550,"seoDescription":551,"seoTitle":552,"shortDescription":553,"slug":554,"stem":555,"term":556,"__hash__":557},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fcredits-penalties-points.md","Credits Penalties Points",{"type":7,"value":515,"toc":541},[516,520,535],[10,517,519],{"id":518},"what-are-credits-penalties-and-points","What are credits, penalties and points?",[15,521,522,523,526,527,530,531,534],{},"These are the building blocks of how a question is scored. ",[19,524,525],{},"Credit"," is the mark awarded for a correct (or partially correct) answer. A ",[19,528,529],{},"penalty"," is a deduction for a wrong answer — sometimes used to discourage guessing. ",[19,532,533],{},"Points"," determine how much a question is worth relative to others, so harder or more important questions can carry more weight.",[15,536,537,538,540],{},"Together they let you tune an exam's scoring to match its purpose — from straightforward one-mark-per-question quizzes to negatively-marked or weighted papers. Synap supports credit, partial credit and penalties per question as part of its ",[27,539,262],{"href":261}," model.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":542},[543],{"id":518,"depth":48,"text":519},[545],{"label":270,"to":261},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcredits-penalties-points",[201,463,549],"resolution-marking",{"description":47},"Credits, penalties and points are the scoring rules for a question — the marks awarded for a correct answer, any deduction for a wrong one, and how questions are weighted.","What are credits, penalties and points in marking?","The scoring rules for a question — the credit for a correct answer, any penalty for a wrong one, and how points are weighted.","credits-penalties-points","glossary\u002Fcredits-penalties-points","Credits, penalties & points","qwT1wIRvEBK-w96Mm2deLuE6rTnT9BqevIMVfUPcwbQ",{"id":559,"title":560,"body":561,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":590,"meta":593,"navigation":57,"path":594,"related":595,"seo":598,"seoDescription":599,"seoTitle":600,"shortDescription":601,"slug":602,"stem":603,"term":571,"__hash__":604},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fcustom-attributes.md","Custom Attributes",{"type":7,"value":562,"toc":587},[563,567,576],[10,564,566],{"id":565},"what-are-custom-attributes","What are custom attributes?",[15,568,569,180,572,575],{},[19,570,571],{},"Custom attributes",[33,573,574],{},"custom fields",") let you store your own information against users or exam attempts, beyond the fields a platform provides out of the box — a candidate number, a cohort code, an external reference, or a link to an external report.",[15,577,578,579,581,582,586],{},"They matter because every organisation's data model is a little different. Custom attributes let Synap fit your world rather than forcing you into a fixed shape, and they flow through the ",[27,580,30],{"href":29}," so your other systems can read and use them too. They're especially useful for ",[27,583,585],{"href":584},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fuser-groups\u002F","grouping",", filtering and integrating.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":588},[589],{"id":565,"depth":48,"text":566},[591],{"label":592,"to":43},"APIs & integrations",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcustom-attributes",[596,597,60],"user-groups","portal",{"description":47},"Custom attributes are your own data fields attached to users or exam attempts — beyond the built-in ones — used to store the information your organisation needs.","What are custom attributes (custom fields)?","Your own fields of data attached to users or attempts, beyond the platform's built-in ones.","custom-attributes","glossary\u002Fcustom-attributes","JZsFxyMbDN2gTIolufhjrRp6xdxz2VkUToH3GSmaQ-M",{"id":606,"title":607,"body":608,"category":660,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":661,"meta":664,"navigation":57,"path":665,"related":666,"seo":669,"seoDescription":670,"seoTitle":613,"shortDescription":671,"slug":672,"stem":673,"term":674,"__hash__":675},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiscrimination-index.md","Discrimination Index",{"type":7,"value":609,"toc":656},[610,614,621,628,632,640],[10,611,613],{"id":612},"what-is-the-discrimination-index","What is the discrimination index?",[15,615,616,617,620],{},"The ",[19,618,619],{},"discrimination index"," measures how well a single question distinguishes between candidates who did well on the exam overall and those who did poorly. A good question is one that stronger candidates tend to get right and weaker candidates tend to get wrong.",[15,622,623,624,627],{},"For questions marked simply right or wrong, discrimination is usually calculated as a ",[19,625,626],{},"point-biserial correlation (Rpb)"," — the correlation between getting that item correct and the total score. Values range from -1 to +1; higher positive values are better, and a negative value is a red flag that something is wrong with the question or its answer key.",[10,629,631],{"id":630},"why-it-matters","Why it matters",[15,633,634,635,639],{},"A question can be a sensible ",[27,636,638],{"href":637},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fitem-difficulty\u002F","difficulty"," yet still discriminate poorly — for example if it's ambiguous, or if the \"correct\" answer is disputable. Discrimination is what surfaces those items so they can be improved or retired.",[15,641,642,643,646,647,651,652,655],{},"Synap reports discrimination (as a point-biserial) on every question, alongside ",[27,644,645],{"href":637},"item difficulty"," and whole-exam ",[27,648,650],{"href":649},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freliability\u002F","reliability",". See it on the ",[27,653,654],{"href":458},"standardised testing"," page.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":657},[658,659],{"id":612,"depth":48,"text":613},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},"Psychometrics",[662],{"label":663,"to":458},"Psychometrics on Synap",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiscrimination-index",[667,668,650],"item-difficulty","psychometrics",{"description":47},"The discrimination index measures how well a question distinguishes higher-performing candidates from lower-performing ones, often as a point-biserial (Rpb) correlation.","How well a question separates higher-performing candidates from lower-performing ones.","discrimination-index","glossary\u002Fdiscrimination-index","Discrimination index","Ag3rH7ei3CJ-nRZFDU_NedCITuatPXKzFSnY0g_IS0M",{"id":677,"title":678,"body":679,"category":267,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":713,"meta":715,"navigation":57,"path":716,"related":717,"seo":718,"seoDescription":719,"seoTitle":720,"shortDescription":721,"slug":276,"stem":722,"term":723,"__hash__":724},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fescalation-marking.md","Escalation Marking",{"type":7,"value":680,"toc":710},[681,685,691],[10,682,684],{"id":683},"what-is-escalation-marking","What is escalation marking?",[15,686,687,690],{},[19,688,689],{},"Escalation"," is what happens when markers can't be reconciled automatically. If two markers disagree beyond an agreed threshold, or a response is genuinely borderline, it's escalated to a senior marker or panel to make the final call.",[15,692,693,694,698,699,192,701,202,704,707,708,263],{},"Escalation is the safety valve on a multi-marker workflow: most responses are settled by ",[27,695,697],{"href":696},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fresolution-marking\u002F","resolution rules",", and only the genuinely contested ones are escalated for a human decision. Synap includes an escalation role alongside ",[27,700,257],{"href":256},[27,702,703],{"href":248},"moderating",[27,705,281],{"href":706},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fback-reading\u002F"," in its ",[27,709,262],{"href":261},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":711},[712],{"id":683,"depth":48,"text":684},[714],{"label":270,"to":261},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fescalation-marking",[549,274,281],{"description":47},"Escalation in marking routes a response to a senior marker or panel when markers disagree beyond an agreed threshold, so a final decision can be made.","What is escalation in marking?","Routing a response to a senior marker when markers disagree or a case needs a final decision.","glossary\u002Fescalation-marking","Escalation (marker role)","MzXkY6HjzX-gQQ81JI4jawRs0IzgTCV7N1_F8yEcjDA",{"id":726,"title":727,"body":728,"category":780,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":781,"meta":784,"navigation":57,"path":785,"related":786,"seo":789,"seoDescription":790,"seoTitle":733,"shortDescription":791,"slug":792,"stem":793,"term":794,"__hash__":795},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fexam-platform.md","Exam Platform",{"type":7,"value":729,"toc":777},[730,734,763],[10,731,733],{"id":732},"what-is-an-exam-platform","What is an exam platform?",[15,735,134,736,739,740,744,745,192,747,749,750,752,753,757,758,762],{},[19,737,738],{},"exam platform"," is software built specifically for assessment: authoring questions and ",[27,741,743],{"href":742},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fquestion-banks\u002F","banks",", delivering exams securely at scale, ",[27,746,356],{"href":355},[27,748,262],{"href":200}," and reporting with proper ",[27,751,668],{"href":205},". It's distinct from an ",[27,754,756],{"href":755},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flms\u002F","LMS"," or ",[27,759,761],{"href":760},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flxp\u002F","LXP",", which are built around learning content and course administration.",[15,764,765,766,768,769,772,773,45],{},"The distinction matters most for ",[27,767,211],{"href":195},", where security, standardisation, defensible marking and reliability at ",[27,770,369],{"href":771},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fconcurrency\u002F"," are non-negotiable — things a general learning system rarely does well. Synap is a purpose-built ",[27,774,776],{"href":775},"\u002Fsolutions\u002Fonline-exam-platform\u002F","online exam platform",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":778},[779],{"id":732,"depth":48,"text":733},"Platforms & software",[782],{"label":783,"to":775},"Online exam platform",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fexam-platform",[787,788,114],"lms","lxp",{"description":47},"An exam platform is software purpose-built for assessment — authoring questions, delivering secure exams, proctoring, marking and reporting — rather than a general-purpose learning system.","Software purpose-built to author, deliver, secure and mark exams — as opposed to a general learning system.","exam-platform","glossary\u002Fexam-platform","Exam platform","DpMBM7P8ziZJf8O3CqWQ7cE-lRrurYaqO3h05ZuUAX8",{"id":797,"title":798,"body":799,"category":845,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":846,"meta":848,"navigation":57,"path":849,"related":850,"seo":853,"seoDescription":854,"seoTitle":855,"shortDescription":856,"slug":857,"stem":858,"term":859,"__hash__":860},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fexam-prep.md","Exam Prep",{"type":7,"value":800,"toc":842},[801,805,823],[10,802,804],{"id":803},"what-is-exam-prep","What is exam prep?",[15,806,807,180,810,813,814,817,818,822],{},[19,808,809],{},"Exam prep",[33,811,812],{},"test prep",") is everything a candidate does to get ready for an exam: working through ",[27,815,816],{"href":309},"practice questions",", sitting mocks under real conditions, ",[27,819,821],{"href":820},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frevision\u002F","revising"," weak areas and acting on feedback. \"Exam prep\" and \"test prep\" mean the same thing — the former is more common in the UK, the latter in the US.",[15,824,825,826,829,830,834,835,838,839,45],{},"Good exam prep isn't just volume; it's the ",[33,827,828],{},"right"," practice at the right time. Techniques like ",[27,831,833],{"href":832},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fspaced-learning\u002F","spaced learning"," and realistic ",[27,836,837],{"href":309},"mock exams"," make preparation far more effective. Synap brings all of this together on one platform — see ",[27,840,841],{"href":318},"exam prep, revision and mocks",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":843},[844],{"id":803,"depth":48,"text":804},"Learning",[847],{"label":317,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fexam-prep",[322,851,852],"question-banks","spaced-learning",{"description":47},"Exam prep, or test prep, is everything a candidate does to prepare for an exam — practising questions, sitting mock exams, revising and acting on feedback.","What is exam prep (test prep)?","Everything a candidate does to get ready for an exam — practice questions, mocks, revision and feedback.","exam-prep","glossary\u002Fexam-prep","Exam prep \u002F Test prep","CJVC_lF528fM0L0f5CTf4HFGSSrcSja8t5g7IQVtG5Y",{"id":862,"title":863,"body":864,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":887,"meta":890,"navigation":57,"path":891,"related":892,"seo":893,"seoDescription":894,"seoTitle":869,"shortDescription":895,"slug":896,"stem":897,"term":874,"__hash__":898},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fexam-vouchers.md","Exam Vouchers",{"type":7,"value":865,"toc":884},[866,870,876],[10,867,869],{"id":868},"what-are-exam-vouchers","What are exam vouchers?",[15,871,872,875],{},[19,873,874],{},"Exam vouchers"," are pre-purchased codes that entitle whoever holds them to sit a particular exam. Rather than paying at the point of sitting, a candidate (or their employer, or a training provider) buys a voucher in advance and redeems it when they're ready.",[15,877,878,879,883],{},"Vouchers are a natural fit for certification and test-prep programmes: they let you sell exam access in bulk, gift or distribute seats, and separate the moment of purchase from the moment of assessment. They pair well with ",[27,880,882],{"href":881},"\u002Fuse-case\u002Fcontinuous-on-demand-exams\u002F","on-demand exams",", where candidates sit whenever they choose.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":885},[886],{"id":868,"depth":48,"text":869},[888],{"label":889,"to":881},"On-demand exams",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fexam-vouchers",[369,114,60],{"description":47},"Exam vouchers are pre-purchased codes that entitle the holder to sit a specific exam, used to sell, gift or distribute exam access — common in certification and test-prep programmes.","Pre-purchased codes that entitle the holder to sit a specific exam — useful for selling and distributing exam access.","exam-vouchers","glossary\u002Fexam-vouchers","vRxuu0QQxNafJZavE-yT_R1pAtmZlbns5shhwBJeseU",{"id":900,"title":901,"body":902,"category":845,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":926,"meta":928,"navigation":57,"path":929,"related":930,"seo":933,"seoDescription":934,"seoTitle":935,"shortDescription":936,"slug":937,"stem":938,"term":901,"__hash__":939},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fflashcards.md","Flashcards",{"type":7,"value":903,"toc":923},[904,908,913],[10,905,907],{"id":906},"what-are-flashcards","What are flashcards?",[15,909,910,912],{},[19,911,901],{}," are a study tool built around active recall: a prompt on one side, the answer on the other. The learner tries to remember the answer, then flips the card to check — a simple loop that's one of the most effective ways to commit knowledge to memory.",[15,914,915,916,918,919,922],{},"Flashcards work best combined with ",[27,917,833],{"href":832},", which schedules cards to reappear just as they're about to be forgotten. On Synap, flashcards sit alongside quizzes and mocks in the ",[27,920,921],{"href":318},"exam prep and revision"," experience.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":924},[925],{"id":906,"depth":48,"text":907},[927],{"label":317,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fflashcards",[852,931,932],"revision","study",{"description":47},"Flashcards are two-sided study cards with a prompt on one side and the answer on the other, used for active recall and spaced repetition.","What are flashcards in learning?","A two-sided study card — a prompt on one side, the answer on the other — used for self-testing and recall.","flashcards","glossary\u002Fflashcards","uLiJc4Ac-yrT1k6baojn7iRthHGz2larKFkvblkwDuU",{"id":941,"title":942,"body":943,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":988,"meta":991,"navigation":57,"path":992,"related":993,"seo":995,"seoDescription":996,"seoTitle":948,"shortDescription":997,"slug":998,"stem":999,"term":953,"__hash__":1000},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fformative-assessment.md","Formative Assessment",{"type":7,"value":944,"toc":984},[945,949,963,966,968,976],[10,946,948],{"id":947},"what-is-formative-assessment","What is formative assessment?",[15,950,951,954,955,958,959,962],{},[19,952,953],{},"Formative assessment"," is ",[33,956,957],{},"assessment for learning",". It refers to the low-stakes, frequent checks — quizzes, practice questions, self-tests — that give learners and teachers feedback ",[33,960,961],{},"while"," learning is still happening, so it can be acted on and improved.",[15,964,965],{},"Unlike a final exam, the purpose isn't to award a grade; it's to reveal what a learner does and doesn't understand, and to guide what happens next. Effective formative assessment is timely, specific and frequent.",[10,967,631],{"id":630},[15,969,970,971,975],{},"Formative assessment is one of the most evidence-backed drivers of learning. Techniques like spaced practice and instant feedback turn every attempt into a learning moment. It works best when it shares the same content as the ",[27,972,974],{"href":973},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsummative-assessment\u002F","summative assessment"," that follows, so practice maps directly onto what learners are ultimately assessed on.",[15,977,978,979,983],{},"Synap combines formative practice and summative exams on ",[27,980,982],{"href":981},"\u002Fuse-case\u002Fformative-summative\u002F","one platform",", backed by a Spaced Learning engine that tracks each learner to mastery.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":985},[986,987],{"id":947,"depth":48,"text":948},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},[989],{"label":990,"to":981},"Formative & summative assessment",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fformative-assessment",[994,223],"summative-assessment",{"description":47},"Formative assessment is assessment for learning — low-stakes, frequent checks with feedback that help learners improve while they are still learning.","Assessment for learning — low-stakes, frequent checks with feedback that help learners improve as they go.","formative-assessment","glossary\u002Fformative-assessment","8-eZCGijRru-k6NnKk1Lu4oHk9Q7yidIxJPXiFz4jXE",{"id":1002,"title":1003,"body":1004,"category":267,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1037,"meta":1039,"navigation":57,"path":1040,"related":1041,"seo":1042,"seoDescription":1043,"seoTitle":1044,"shortDescription":1045,"slug":201,"stem":1046,"term":1003,"__hash__":1047},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fgrading.md","Grading",{"type":7,"value":1005,"toc":1034},[1006,1010,1024],[10,1007,1009],{"id":1008},"what-is-grading","What is grading?",[15,1011,1012,1014,1015,757,1018,1021,1022,45],{},[19,1013,1003],{}," is the step that turns raw marks into a meaningful result — a percentage, a grade band (for example ",[33,1016,1017],{},"Merit",[33,1019,1020],{},"Borderline Pass","), or a simple pass\u002Ffail decision. It usually follows marking and, for human-marked work, ",[27,1023,249],{"href":248},[15,1025,1026,1027,1030,1031,263],{},"Grading needs to be consistent and defensible: the same performance should earn the same grade every time, and you should be able to show how a grade was reached. Synap handles marking, moderation, ",[27,1028,1029],{"href":696},"resolution"," and grade bands as part of its ",[27,1032,1033],{"href":261},"marking and grading",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1035},[1036],{"id":1008,"depth":48,"text":1009},[1038],{"label":270,"to":261},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fgrading",[549,275,463],{"description":47},"Grading is the process of turning marks into a result — a score, a grade band, or a pass\u002Ffail decision — often after marking and moderation.","What is grading in assessment?","Converting marks into a result — a score, grade band or pass\u002Ffail decision.","glossary\u002Fgrading","eTbUyXZ3hBMaakUSFpo3dNy2YgJv3kktjXUrxMqwboM",{"id":1049,"title":1050,"body":1051,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1083,"meta":1085,"navigation":57,"path":1086,"related":1087,"seo":1088,"seoDescription":1089,"seoTitle":1056,"shortDescription":1090,"slug":114,"stem":1091,"term":1061,"__hash__":1092},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-stakes-exams.md","High Stakes Exams",{"type":7,"value":1052,"toc":1080},[1053,1057,1063],[10,1054,1056],{"id":1055},"what-are-high-stakes-exams","What are high-stakes exams?",[15,1058,1059,1062],{},[19,1060,1061],{},"High-stakes exams"," are those whose outcomes really matter — where a result determines whether someone is licensed to practise, earns a qualification, is admitted to a programme, or progresses. Because so much rests on them, they demand a higher bar on every front.",[15,1064,1065,1066,1068,1069,1071,1072,1074,1075,1077,1078,45],{},"That means strong security and ",[27,1067,356],{"href":355}," to protect integrity, ",[27,1070,191],{"href":190}," delivery so results are comparable, defensible marking and ",[27,1073,201],{"href":200},", and ",[27,1076,206],{"href":205}," evidence that the exam measures reliably. Synap is built for exactly this — see ",[27,1079,211],{"href":210},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1081},[1082],{"id":1055,"depth":48,"text":1056},[1084],{"label":218,"to":210},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fhigh-stakes-exams",[994,223,356],{"description":47},"High-stakes exams are assessments whose results carry significant consequences — such as licensing, certification, admission or progression — demanding strong security and defensibility.","Exams whose results carry significant consequences — licensing, certification, admission or progression.","glossary\u002Fhigh-stakes-exams","rd3qO1llzzVmVwULo0ffhAc1rdOwhGcAOEso1_86Z1Y",{"id":1094,"title":1095,"body":1096,"category":407,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1126,"meta":1129,"navigation":57,"path":1130,"related":1131,"seo":1132,"seoDescription":1133,"seoTitle":1101,"shortDescription":1134,"slug":1135,"stem":1136,"term":1137,"__hash__":1138},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fimage-hotspot-question.md","Image Hotspot Question",{"type":7,"value":1097,"toc":1123},[1098,1102,1108],[10,1099,1101],{"id":1100},"what-is-an-image-hotspot-question","What is an image hotspot question?",[15,1103,134,1104,1107],{},[19,1105,1106],{},"image hotspot"," question asks the candidate to answer by clicking one or more regions of an image, rather than choosing from text options. The author defines the correct areas — as rectangles, ellipses or polygons — and the response is marked automatically against them.",[15,1109,1110,1111,1114,1115,1118,1119,45],{},"With zoom for detail and marking rules across multiple defined regions, hotspot questions are especially useful for anatomy, diagrams, charts and imaging — anywhere the answer is a ",[33,1112,1113],{},"place"," rather than a ",[33,1116,1117],{},"word",". See how Synap uses them for ",[27,1120,1122],{"href":1121},"\u002Fuse-case\u002Fosces-clinical-assessments\u002F","OSCEs and clinical assessments",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1124},[1125],{"id":1100,"depth":48,"text":1101},[1127],{"label":1128,"to":1121},"OSCEs & clinical assessments",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fimage-hotspot-question",[414,391,463],{"description":47},"An image hotspot question asks candidates to answer by clicking regions of an image, with zoom and marking rules across multiple defined areas — ideal for anatomy and diagrams.","A question answered by clicking one or more regions of an image, with zoom and advanced marking rules.","image-hotspot-question","glossary\u002Fimage-hotspot-question","Image hotspot question","dnCH52HPs_I6opXyjs1iEDKlNdkIXz8qkvVL1-DJ3JE",{"id":1140,"title":1141,"body":1142,"category":1170,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1171,"meta":1173,"navigation":57,"path":1174,"related":1175,"seo":1176,"seoDescription":1177,"seoTitle":1178,"shortDescription":1179,"slug":1180,"stem":1181,"term":1152,"__hash__":1182},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fip-restriction.md","Ip Restriction",{"type":7,"value":1143,"toc":1167},[1144,1148,1154],[10,1145,1147],{"id":1146},"what-is-ip-restriction","What is IP restriction?",[15,1149,1150,1153],{},[19,1151,1152],{},"IP restriction"," limits who can access an exam based on their network address. By allowing only specific IP addresses or ranges, an organisation can ensure candidates only sit an exam from approved locations — a particular test centre, campus network or invigilated venue.",[15,1155,1156,1157,1159,1160,1163,1164,45],{},"It's a straightforward but effective control for in-person and centre-based exams: even with the right login, a candidate can't start the exam from an unapproved network. Combined with ",[27,1158,356],{"href":355}," and a ",[27,1161,1162],{"href":350},"lockdown environment",", IP restriction is part of a layered approach to ",[27,1165,1166],{"href":108},"assessment security",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1168},[1169],{"id":1146,"depth":48,"text":1147},"Exam security",[1172],{"label":107,"to":108},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fip-restriction",[368,356,503],{"description":47},"IP restriction limits exam access to specific network (IP) addresses, so candidates can only start an exam from approved locations such as a test centre or campus network.","What is IP restriction for exams?","Limiting exam access to specific network addresses, so candidates can only sit from approved locations.","ip-restriction","glossary\u002Fip-restriction","6zdjY7s1nf79BWE8Y4LvRW8nTMAqqeCN2nOB6tX6XlQ",{"id":1184,"title":1185,"body":1186,"category":845,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1223,"meta":1225,"navigation":57,"path":1226,"related":1227,"seo":1229,"seoDescription":1230,"seoTitle":1191,"shortDescription":1231,"slug":1232,"stem":1233,"term":1196,"__hash__":1234},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fitem-banking.md","Item Banking",{"type":7,"value":1187,"toc":1220},[1188,1192,1206],[10,1189,1191],{"id":1190},"what-is-item-banking","What is item banking?",[15,1193,1194,1197,1198,1201,1202,1205],{},[19,1195,1196],{},"Item banking"," is the professional discipline behind a good ",[27,1199,1200],{"href":742},"question bank",". An ",[33,1203,1204],{},"item"," is a single question; item banking is how you build, organise and look after a large, trusted collection of them over time.",[15,1207,1208,1209,1213,1214,1216,1217,1219],{},"It covers ",[27,1210,1212],{"href":1211},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftags\u002F","tagging"," items by topic, skill and difficulty; versioning them as content changes; retiring or exposing items to protect exposure; and using ",[27,1215,445],{"href":444}," to keep only the items that perform well. Done properly, item banking is what lets an organisation run comparable, ",[27,1218,191],{"href":190}," exams year after year.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1221},[1222],{"id":1190,"depth":48,"text":1191},[1224],{"label":457,"to":458},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fitem-banking",[851,463,1228],"tags",{"description":47},"Item banking is the disciplined practice of building, tagging, versioning and quality-assuring a bank of exam questions (items) so they can be reused and trusted over time.","The disciplined practice of building, tagging, versioning and quality-assuring a bank of exam questions over time.","item-banking","glossary\u002Fitem-banking","_DRRoxIqQrctzSqPzUFzDrs8HLWo2iQ50PB6nIT1hWE",{"id":1236,"title":1237,"body":1238,"category":660,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1285,"meta":1287,"navigation":57,"path":1288,"related":1289,"seo":1290,"seoDescription":1291,"seoTitle":1292,"shortDescription":1293,"slug":667,"stem":1294,"term":1295,"__hash__":1296},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fitem-difficulty.md","Item Difficulty",{"type":7,"value":1239,"toc":1281},[1240,1244,1254,1265,1267,1273],[10,1241,1243],{"id":1242},"what-is-item-difficulty","What is item difficulty?",[15,1245,1246,1249,1250,1253],{},[19,1247,1248],{},"Item difficulty",", usually reported as a ",[19,1251,1252],{},"P-value",", is the proportion of candidates who answered a question correctly. It runs from 0 to 1: a P-value of 0.9 means 90% of candidates got it right (an easy item), while 0.3 means only 30% did (a hard item).",[15,1255,1256,1257,1260,1261,1264],{},"Counter-intuitively, a ",[33,1258,1259],{},"higher"," P-value means an ",[33,1262,1263],{},"easier"," question. For objective questions the value is often chance-corrected, so that guessing (for example, a one-in-five chance on a five-option question) doesn't inflate how easy an item appears.",[10,1266,631],{"id":630},[15,1268,1269,1270,45],{},"Item difficulty helps you build a balanced exam and spot questions that are too easy, too hard, or not behaving as expected. On its own it isn't enough, though — a question can be a reasonable difficulty yet still fail to separate strong candidates from weak ones, which is why it's read alongside the ",[27,1271,619],{"href":1272},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fdiscrimination-index\u002F",[15,1274,1275,1276,202,1278,1280],{},"Synap reports the P-value on every question — part of its ",[27,1277,668],{"href":205},[27,1279,654],{"href":458}," tooling.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1282},[1283,1284],{"id":1242,"depth":48,"text":1243},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},[1286],{"label":663,"to":458},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fitem-difficulty",[672,668,416],{"description":47},"Item difficulty, or P-value, is the proportion of candidates who answered a question correctly — a core psychometric statistic used to evaluate exam questions.","What is item difficulty (P-value)?","How hard a question proved, expressed as the proportion of candidates who answered it correctly.","glossary\u002Fitem-difficulty","Item difficulty (P-value)","6weKLRA0RZgg_MpfDr7AwsslyhgDQQE9LLbqw0Msdi4",{"id":1298,"title":1299,"body":1300,"category":454,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1342,"meta":1345,"navigation":57,"path":1346,"related":1347,"seo":1348,"seoDescription":1349,"seoTitle":1305,"shortDescription":1350,"slug":462,"stem":1351,"term":1310,"__hash__":1352},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Flearner-analytics.md","Learner Analytics",{"type":7,"value":1301,"toc":1339},[1302,1306,1317],[10,1303,1305],{"id":1304},"what-is-learner-analytics","What is learner analytics?",[15,1307,1308,1311,1312,1316],{},[19,1309,1310],{},"Learner analytics"," is the data that shows how an individual is progressing — what they've practised, where their ",[27,1313,1315],{"href":1314},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpersonalised-learning\u002F","mastery"," is strong or weak, and how they're performing across topics and skills over time.",[15,1318,1319,1320,1322,1323,1326,1327,1330,1331,1335,1336,1338],{},"Where ",[27,1321,445],{"href":444}," look at the ",[33,1324,1325],{},"questions",", learner analytics looks at the ",[33,1328,1329],{},"people",". It helps educators spot who needs support and helps learners focus their revision. Aggregate the same data across a group and you get ",[27,1332,1334],{"href":1333},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fcohort-analysis\u002F","cohort analysis",". Synap surfaces learner analytics as part of its ",[27,1337,921],{"href":318}," tools.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1340},[1341],{"id":1304,"depth":48,"text":1305},[1343],{"label":1344,"to":318},"Exam prep & learner analytics",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flearner-analytics",[469,464,463],{"description":47},"Learner analytics is data on how individual learners are progressing — their mastery, activity and performance across topics and skills — used to guide teaching and study.","Data on how individual learners are progressing — mastery, activity and performance across topics and skills.","glossary\u002Flearner-analytics","eVXghZIKUFA4M-M-Uu78ll4VjEaQpaP2KG_GwPKtAZs",{"id":1354,"title":1355,"body":1356,"category":780,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1389,"meta":1392,"navigation":57,"path":1393,"related":1394,"seo":1395,"seoDescription":1396,"seoTitle":1397,"shortDescription":1398,"slug":787,"stem":1399,"term":1400,"__hash__":1401},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Flms.md","Lms",{"type":7,"value":1357,"toc":1386},[1358,1362,1367],[10,1359,1361],{"id":1360},"what-is-an-lms","What is an LMS?",[15,1363,134,1364,1366],{},[19,1365,756],{}," — Learning Management System — is software for delivering and administering learning: enrolling learners, hosting courses and content, tracking completion, and reporting on progress. It's the traditional system of record for training and education, oriented around courses and compliance.",[15,1368,1369,1370,1372,1373,1376,1377,1381,1382,45],{},"An LMS overlaps with, but isn't the same as, an ",[27,1371,761],{"href":760}," (which is more learner-driven) or a dedicated ",[27,1374,738],{"href":1375},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fexam-platform\u002F"," (which specialises in assessment). Systems often connect via ",[27,1378,1380],{"href":1379},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flti\u002F","LTI"," so learners move between them seamlessly. See Synap's ",[27,1383,1385],{"href":1384},"\u002Fsolutions\u002Fonline-learning-platform\u002F","online learning platform",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1387},[1388],{"id":1360,"depth":48,"text":1361},[1390],{"label":1391,"to":1384},"Online learning platform",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flms",[788,792,61],{"description":47},"An LMS (Learning Management System) is software for delivering, tracking and administering courses and training — enrolling learners, hosting content and recording completion.","What is an LMS (Learning Management System)?","Software for delivering, tracking and administering courses and training — the system of record for learning.","glossary\u002Flms","LMS (Learning Management System)","Tn0fG2r_22nWuF5DcMDO8k_NHcNq0fI2HmSEYjDMAmk",{"id":1403,"title":1404,"body":1405,"category":1170,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1429,"meta":1431,"navigation":57,"path":1432,"related":1433,"seo":1435,"seoDescription":1436,"seoTitle":1410,"shortDescription":1437,"slug":368,"stem":1438,"term":1439,"__hash__":1440},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Flockdown-browser.md","Lockdown Browser",{"type":7,"value":1406,"toc":1426},[1407,1411,1417],[10,1408,1410],{"id":1409},"what-is-a-lockdown-browser","What is a lockdown browser?",[15,1412,17,1413,1416],{},[19,1414,1415],{},"lockdown browser"," is a secured environment for sitting an exam. It runs the exam full-screen and restricts what a candidate can do on their device — blocking other applications and browser tabs, disabling copy-paste and keyboard shortcuts, and detecting attempts to switch away.",[15,1418,1419,1420,1422,1423,45],{},"Lockdown is a key line of defence for a remote or on-site digital exam: it removes the easiest routes to cheating and keeps the candidate focused on the assessment. It works best combined with ",[27,1421,356],{"href":355}," — human or automated supervision — so that behaviour is both restricted and monitored. See ",[27,1424,1425],{"href":364},"online proctoring",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1427},[1428],{"id":1409,"depth":48,"text":1410},[1430],{"label":363,"to":364},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flockdown-browser",[356,1434,1180],"synoptic",{"description":47},"A lockdown browser is a secured exam environment that restricts what a candidate can do on their device — blocking other apps, tabs and shortcuts — to protect exam integrity.","A locked-down exam environment that restricts what a candidate can do on their device during an exam.","glossary\u002Flockdown-browser","Lockdown browser","54TTZMsfSDYn8R-ZipQoYybS5fdfM--8MEtPIE5iIBw",{"id":1442,"title":1443,"body":1444,"category":51,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1468,"meta":1471,"navigation":57,"path":1472,"related":1473,"seo":1476,"seoDescription":1477,"seoTitle":1478,"shortDescription":1479,"slug":61,"stem":1480,"term":1481,"__hash__":1482},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Flti.md","Lti",{"type":7,"value":1445,"toc":1465},[1446,1450,1455],[10,1447,1449],{"id":1448},"what-is-lti","What is LTI?",[15,1451,1452,1454],{},[19,1453,1380],{}," — Learning Tools Interoperability — is an education standard (maintained by 1EdTech) that lets a learning management system (LMS) securely launch an external tool and pass information to it. A student can click a link in their LMS and be taken straight into an assessment, with their identity and context carried across, and scores passed back.",[15,1456,1457,1458,1460,1461,45],{},"For an assessment platform, LTI means slotting neatly into the tools an institution already uses, without separate logins or manual roster management. Synap supports LTI alongside modern options like SSO and its ",[27,1459,30],{"href":29}," — see ",[27,1462,1464],{"href":1463},"\u002Fintegrations\u002F","integrations",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1466},[1467],{"id":1448,"depth":48,"text":1449},[1469],{"label":1470,"to":1463},"Integrations",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flti",[1474,1475,60],"scorm","qti",{"description":47},"LTI (Learning Tools Interoperability) is an education standard that lets a learning management system securely launch and exchange data with external tools such as an assessment platform.","What is LTI (Learning Tools Interoperability)?","A standard that lets a learning platform launch external tools — like an assessment platform — from inside an LMS.","glossary\u002Flti","LTI (Learning Tools Interoperability)","jdcz0j4ssODInp47-vS75X0pBWX9Mvy4J0e4FE6g1vc",{"id":1484,"title":1485,"body":1486,"category":780,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1523,"meta":1525,"navigation":57,"path":1526,"related":1527,"seo":1529,"seoDescription":1530,"seoTitle":1531,"shortDescription":1532,"slug":788,"stem":1533,"term":1534,"__hash__":1535},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Flxp.md","Lxp",{"type":7,"value":1487,"toc":1520},[1488,1492,1500],[10,1489,1491],{"id":1490},"what-is-an-lxp","What is an LXP?",[15,1493,134,1494,1496,1497,1499],{},[19,1495,761],{}," — Learning Experience Platform — puts the learner at the centre. Where an ",[27,1498,756],{"href":755}," is built around administering courses top-down, an LXP is built around personalised, self-directed discovery: recommending content, surfacing what's relevant, and keeping learners engaged.",[15,1501,1502,1503,1506,1507,1510,1511,202,1514,1517,1518,45],{},"In practice the line between the two has blurred, and many platforms do both. What matters is the balance of ",[33,1504,1505],{},"administration"," versus ",[33,1508,1509],{},"experience"," — and, for assessment-led programmes, how well either connects to real ",[27,1512,1513],{"href":1375},"exam",[27,1515,1516],{"href":1314},"personalised learning"," capabilities. See Synap's ",[27,1519,1385],{"href":1384},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1521},[1522],{"id":1490,"depth":48,"text":1491},[1524],{"label":1391,"to":1384},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Flxp",[787,792,1528],"personalised-learning",{"description":47},"An LXP (Learning Experience Platform) is a learner-centred system focused on personalised, self-directed content discovery and engagement — complementing the administrative focus of an LMS.","What is an LXP (Learning Experience Platform)?","A learner-centred platform focused on personalised, self-directed discovery of content, rather than top-down course administration.","glossary\u002Flxp","LXP (Learning Experience Platform)","Bun11eMpqkXXo5x2x21aMjMLQxneHpFJSzsoqtmf6rM",{"id":1537,"title":1538,"body":1539,"category":267,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1566,"meta":1568,"navigation":57,"path":1569,"related":1570,"seo":1571,"seoDescription":1572,"seoTitle":1544,"shortDescription":1573,"slug":274,"stem":1574,"term":1575,"__hash__":1576},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fmoderating-marking.md","Moderating Marking",{"type":7,"value":1540,"toc":1563},[1541,1545,1553],[10,1542,1544],{"id":1543},"what-is-a-moderating-marker","What is a moderating marker?",[15,1546,616,1547,1549,1550,1552],{},[19,1548,703],{}," marker reviews the marks given by ",[27,1551,257],{"href":256}," markers to make sure they're fair and consistent — across different candidates and across different markers. Where a mark is out of line, the moderator can adjust it.",[15,1554,1555,1556,1558,1559,45],{},"Moderation is a core part of quality assurance in high-stakes marking. It's how an organisation demonstrates that a cohort was marked to the same standard, and it works hand-in-hand with ",[27,1557,697],{"href":696}," and, where disagreements persist, ",[27,1560,1562],{"href":1561},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fescalation-marking\u002F","escalation",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1564},[1565],{"id":1543,"depth":48,"text":1544},[1567],{"label":270,"to":261},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fmoderating-marking",[275,281,549],{"description":47},"A moderating marker reviews provisional marks to check they are fair and consistent across candidates and markers, adjusting where necessary.","A marker who reviews and adjusts provisional marks to ensure fairness and consistency across an exam.","glossary\u002Fmoderating-marking","Moderating (marker role)","TvTprVlaRz3o7oQ5gUn966oBIBqldSqIgXPJyAJgIrw",{"id":1578,"title":1579,"body":1580,"category":407,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1616,"meta":1618,"navigation":57,"path":1619,"related":1620,"seo":1621,"seoDescription":1622,"seoTitle":1623,"shortDescription":1624,"slug":414,"stem":1625,"term":1626,"__hash__":1627},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fmultiple-choice-question.md","Multiple Choice Question",{"type":7,"value":1581,"toc":1613},[1582,1586,1592],[10,1583,1585],{"id":1584},"what-is-a-multiple-choice-question","What is a multiple choice question?",[15,1587,17,1588,1591],{},[19,1589,1590],{},"multiple choice question (MCQ)"," presents a question followed by a fixed set of options, and asks the candidate to select the correct answer. It's the most widely used objective format because it's fast to answer and can be marked automatically and consistently.",[15,1593,1594,1595,1598,1599,1602,1603,1607,1608,1610,1611,45],{},"MCQs come in several forms: ",[33,1596,1597],{},"single-answer"," (choose one), ",[33,1600,1601],{},"multiple-response"," (choose all that apply), and the more sophisticated ",[27,1604,1606],{"href":1605},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsingle-best-answer\u002F","Single Best Answer",", where every option is plausible but one is the best. Well-written MCQs, backed by ",[27,1609,445],{"href":444},", are the backbone of most ",[27,1612,654],{"href":190},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1614},[1615],{"id":1584,"depth":48,"text":1585},[1617],{"label":457,"to":458},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fmultiple-choice-question",[416,391,415],{"description":47},"A multiple choice question (MCQ) presents a fixed set of options and asks the candidate to select the correct answer or answers. It is the most common objective question format.","What is a multiple choice question (MCQ)?","A question that asks a candidate to choose one or more answers from a fixed set of options.","glossary\u002Fmultiple-choice-question","MCQ (Multiple Choice Question)","kjoVtbeP6X0prkLlD29AvckJWaR9umWUYhm0j519dGs",{"id":1629,"title":1630,"body":1631,"category":1667,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1668,"meta":1670,"navigation":57,"path":1671,"related":1672,"seo":1673,"seoDescription":1674,"seoTitle":1675,"shortDescription":1676,"slug":1677,"stem":1678,"term":1679,"__hash__":1680},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fobjective-structured-clinical-examination.md","Objective Structured Clinical Examination",{"type":7,"value":1632,"toc":1663},[1633,1637,1647,1650,1652,1655],[10,1634,1636],{"id":1635},"what-is-an-osce","What is an OSCE?",[15,1638,134,1639,1642,1643,1646],{},[19,1640,1641],{},"OSCE"," — Objective Structured Clinical Examination — is a practical assessment used mainly in medicine and healthcare. Candidates rotate through a series of timed ",[19,1644,1645],{},"stations",", each presenting a clinical task (taking a history, examining a patient, explaining a diagnosis), and are marked by an examiner against a structured checklist or rubric.",[15,1648,1649],{},"The \"objective\" and \"structured\" in the name matter: every candidate faces the same stations and is scored against the same criteria, which makes the exam fairer and more comparable than a traditional oral or bedside exam.",[10,1651,631],{"id":630},[15,1653,1654],{},"OSCEs test skills that a written exam can't — communication, examination technique, clinical reasoning under time pressure. Running them well means managing stations, timing, examiners and multi-domain rubrics, often on the day and on tablets.",[15,1656,1657,1658,1660,1661,45],{},"Synap supports the practical OSCE workflow — informational and off-platform stations, marking sessions and multi-domain rubrics — alongside written ",[27,1659,654],{"href":190},". See ",[27,1662,1128],{"href":1121},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1664},[1665,1666],{"id":1635,"depth":48,"text":1636},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},"Assessment formats",[1669],{"label":1128,"to":1121},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fobjective-structured-clinical-examination",[994,223],{"description":47},"An OSCE is a practical clinical examination where candidates rotate through timed stations and are assessed by examiners against a structured, multi-domain rubric.","What is an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination)?","A practical clinical exam in which candidates rotate through stations, assessed by examiners against a structured rubric.","objective-structured-clinical-examination","glossary\u002Fobjective-structured-clinical-examination","OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination)","Fi-2qcu_JjQM0F3wiM8g9raC0CBaMU9FBZZNVxIU0o8",{"id":1682,"title":1683,"body":1684,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1713,"meta":1716,"navigation":57,"path":1717,"related":1718,"seo":1720,"seoDescription":1721,"seoTitle":1722,"shortDescription":1723,"slug":1694,"stem":1724,"term":1683,"__hash__":1725},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Folympiad.md","Olympiad",{"type":7,"value":1685,"toc":1710},[1686,1690,1696],[10,1687,1689],{"id":1688},"what-is-an-olympiad","What is an olympiad?",[15,1691,134,1692,1695],{},[19,1693,1694],{},"olympiad"," is a competitive academic exam that stretches high-achieving students well beyond the standard curriculum — most famously in mathematics, but also in the sciences, informatics and other subjects. Candidates typically progress through rounds of increasing difficulty, often from school level up to national and international finals.",[15,1697,1698,1699,1702,1703,1705,1706,45],{},"Olympiads are as much about ",[33,1700,1701],{},"identifying"," talent as testing it, so they lean on demanding questions, ",[27,1704,191],{"href":190}," delivery and reliable ranking — often at large scale and across many locations at once. See how Synap supports ",[27,1707,1709],{"href":1708},"\u002Fuse-case\u002Fcompetitive-exams\u002F","competitive exams and olympiads",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1711},[1712],{"id":1688,"depth":48,"text":1689},[1714],{"label":1715,"to":1708},"Competitive exams & olympiads",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Folympiad",[114,223,1719],"stem",{"description":47},"An olympiad is a competitive academic exam — often in maths, science or informatics — designed to identify and challenge high-achieving students through rounds of increasing difficulty.","What is an academic olympiad?","A competitive academic exam that identifies and challenges high-achieving students, often in a subject like maths or science.","glossary\u002Folympiad","LKlsG-YenQvHMObx2IWQ-0Hpw1Jd35C9owkviGC9eqQ",{"id":1727,"title":1728,"body":1729,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1766,"meta":1768,"navigation":57,"path":1769,"related":1770,"seo":1771,"seoDescription":1772,"seoTitle":1734,"shortDescription":1773,"slug":1774,"stem":1775,"term":1728,"__hash__":1776},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fpedagogy.md","Pedagogy",{"type":7,"value":1730,"toc":1763},[1731,1735,1748],[10,1732,1734],{"id":1733},"what-is-pedagogy","What is pedagogy?",[15,1736,1737,1739,1740,1743,1744,1747],{},[19,1738,1728],{}," is the theory and practice of teaching — the methods, principles and decisions behind how learning is designed and delivered. It asks not just ",[33,1741,1742],{},"what"," is taught, but ",[33,1745,1746],{},"how",": how material is sequenced, how learners are engaged, and how understanding is checked.",[15,1749,1750,1751,1754,1755,1757,1758,202,1760,1762],{},"Assessment is central to good pedagogy. ",[27,1752,953],{"href":1753},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fformative-assessment\u002F"," shapes learning as it happens, while ",[27,1756,974],{"href":973}," measures what's been achieved. Approaches like ",[27,1759,833],{"href":832},[27,1761,1516],{"href":1314}," are pedagogy translated into practice — and into the tools Synap provides.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1764},[1765],{"id":1733,"depth":48,"text":1734},[1767],{"label":990,"to":981},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpedagogy",[998,994,1528],{"description":47},"Pedagogy is the theory and practice of teaching — the methods and principles behind how learning is designed, delivered and assessed effectively.","The theory and practice of teaching — how learning is designed, delivered and assessed.","pedagogy","glossary\u002Fpedagogy","OlLQF4U__7KYW8axXD-yfZ28RFKCecFE3cCER_6aFmQ",{"id":1778,"title":1779,"body":1780,"category":454,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1801,"meta":1803,"navigation":57,"path":1804,"related":1805,"seo":1806,"seoDescription":1807,"seoTitle":1808,"shortDescription":1809,"slug":1790,"stem":1810,"term":1779,"__hash__":1811},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fpercentile.md","Percentile",{"type":7,"value":1781,"toc":1798},[1782,1786,1792],[10,1783,1785],{"id":1784},"what-is-a-percentile","What is a percentile?",[15,1787,17,1788,1791],{},[19,1789,1790],{},"percentile"," describes where a score sits relative to everyone else. If a candidate is in the 90th percentile, they scored at or above 90% of the cohort — regardless of what the raw mark was. It answers \"how did I do compared to others?\" rather than \"how many did I get right?\".",[15,1793,1794,1795,1797],{},"Percentiles are useful when relative standing matters more than an absolute mark — in competitive or norm-referenced settings, or when comparing across different exam versions. They come out of ",[27,1796,1334],{"href":1333}," and sit alongside raw scores and grade bands in a full picture of performance.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1799},[1800],{"id":1784,"depth":48,"text":1785},[1802],{"label":457,"to":458},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpercentile",[469,463,223],{"description":47},"A percentile expresses a score's rank relative to others — the percentage of candidates who scored at or below it. It shows relative standing, not the raw mark.","What is a percentile (in exam results)?","A score's rank relative to everyone else — the percentage of candidates who scored at or below it.","glossary\u002Fpercentile","X0e0SUrBIZhH07KoRee9UOGrDGLmWfVpqJZQ8s0ourg",{"id":1813,"title":1814,"body":1815,"category":845,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1843,"meta":1845,"navigation":57,"path":1846,"related":1847,"seo":1848,"seoDescription":1849,"seoTitle":1820,"shortDescription":1850,"slug":1528,"stem":1851,"term":1825,"__hash__":1852},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fpersonalised-learning.md","Personalised Learning",{"type":7,"value":1816,"toc":1840},[1817,1821,1830],[10,1818,1820],{"id":1819},"what-is-personalised-learning","What is personalised learning?",[15,1822,1823,1826,1827,1829],{},[19,1824,1825],{},"Personalised learning"," adapts the experience to the individual. Instead of moving everyone through the same fixed sequence, it uses what a learner already knows — their ",[19,1828,1315],{}," — to decide what they should see next, focusing effort where it will help most.",[15,1831,1832,1833,1835,1836,1839],{},"In assessment prep, personalisation usually means targeting weak topics, adjusting difficulty, and spacing practice to each learner's needs. It depends on good ",[27,1834,450],{"href":449}," and a measure of mastery per topic. Synap's ",[27,1837,1838],{"href":832},"Spaced Learning"," engine personalises revision automatically, tracking every learner toward mastery.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1841},[1842],{"id":1819,"depth":48,"text":1820},[1844],{"label":317,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpersonalised-learning",[852,931,462],{"description":47},"Personalised learning adapts what a learner studies next based on their own strengths, gaps and pace — rather than moving everyone through the same fixed sequence.","Adapting what a learner sees next to their own strengths, gaps and pace, rather than a fixed sequence.","glossary\u002Fpersonalised-learning","f5dUUCJskChqNhgHccCSvbEOnjam1tM0zTAFLp0luFs",{"id":1854,"title":1855,"body":1856,"category":1170,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1885,"meta":1888,"navigation":57,"path":1889,"related":1890,"seo":1891,"seoDescription":1892,"seoTitle":1893,"shortDescription":1894,"slug":1895,"stem":1896,"term":1855,"__hash__":1897},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fplagiarism.md","Plagiarism",{"type":7,"value":1857,"toc":1882},[1858,1862,1872],[10,1859,1861],{"id":1860},"what-is-plagiarism","What is plagiarism?",[15,1863,1864,1866,1867,1871],{},[19,1865,1855],{}," is presenting someone else's work, words or ideas as your own without proper attribution. In assessment it's a central integrity concern for written work, essays and ",[27,1868,1870],{"href":1869},"\u002Fuse-case\u002Fassignments-coursework\u002F","coursework"," — anywhere a candidate produces extended text rather than selecting an answer.",[15,1873,1874,1875,1878,1879,1881],{},"Plagiarism is usually addressed with ",[33,1876,1877],{},"originality checking",": comparing a submission against other sources and past work to flag unoriginal content for a marker to review. Synap doesn't include a built-in checker, but connects external originality services through its ",[27,1880,30],{"href":29}," and webhooks, storing a report against each submission so it fits your existing workflow.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1883},[1884],{"id":1860,"depth":48,"text":1861},[1886],{"label":1887,"to":1869},"Assignments & coursework",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fplagiarism",[356,201,281],{"description":47},"Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work or words as your own. In assessment it's a key integrity risk, usually checked with originality-detection tools on written work and coursework.","What is plagiarism in assessment?","Presenting someone else's work or words as your own — a key integrity risk in written and coursework assessment.","plagiarism","glossary\u002Fplagiarism","WRkJGNJ8rcMt_IxUnUDscKi6pepuK70XZb0RLRoPa_4",{"id":1899,"title":1900,"body":1901,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1929,"meta":1933,"navigation":57,"path":1934,"related":1935,"seo":1936,"seoDescription":1937,"seoTitle":1938,"shortDescription":1939,"slug":597,"stem":1940,"term":1900,"__hash__":1941},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fportal.md","Portal",{"type":7,"value":1902,"toc":1926},[1903,1907,1913],[10,1904,1906],{"id":1905},"what-is-a-portal","What is a portal?",[15,1908,1909,1910,1912],{},"In Synap, a ",[19,1911,597],{}," is an organisation's own instance of the platform — its self-contained environment, with its own users, content, branding, settings and data. When an organisation adopts Synap, they get a portal that is theirs to run.",[15,1914,1915,1916,1920,1921,1925],{},"A portal can be fully ",[27,1917,1919],{"href":1918},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhite-labelling\u002F","white-labelled"," to an organisation's brand and domain, and larger organisations can run multiple ",[27,1922,1924],{"href":1923},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsub-portals\u002F","sub-portals"," beneath it to keep distinct audiences separate. Think of the portal as the top-level home for everything an organisation does on Synap.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1927},[1928],{"id":1905,"depth":48,"text":1906},[1930],{"label":1931,"to":1932},"Branding & white-labelling","\u002Ftechnical\u002Fbranding\u002F",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fportal",[1924,62,596],{"description":47},"In Synap, a portal is an organisation's own instance of the platform — a branded, self-contained environment with its own users, content, settings and data.","What is a portal (in Synap)?","A Synap term for an organisation's own instance of the platform — its branded, self-contained environment.","glossary\u002Fportal","Rda7WXB5cp7NNHdlEmGJLdjJnDCvIqszdYaRZYqMmBQ",{"id":1943,"title":1944,"body":1945,"category":845,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":1979,"meta":1981,"navigation":57,"path":1982,"related":1983,"seo":1984,"seoDescription":1985,"seoTitle":1986,"shortDescription":1987,"slug":322,"stem":1988,"term":1989,"__hash__":1990},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fpractice-exams.md","Practice Exams",{"type":7,"value":1946,"toc":1976},[1947,1951,1961],[10,1948,1950],{"id":1949},"what-is-a-practice-exam","What is a practice exam?",[15,1952,17,1953,1956,1957,1960],{},[19,1954,1955],{},"practice exam"," — or ",[33,1958,1959],{},"mock"," — is a rehearsal of the real thing. It mirrors the actual exam's format, timing and rules, but doesn't count towards the final result. Candidates use mocks to check their readiness, get used to the exam experience, and calm exam-day nerves.",[15,1962,1963,1964,1968,1969,1971,1972,1975],{},"The closer a mock feels to the real exam — ideally in a ",[27,1965,1967],{"href":1966},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fexam-prep\u002F","provider-accurate interface"," — the more useful it is. Mocks also generate valuable ",[27,1970,450],{"href":449},", showing exactly where a candidate still needs work. Synap builds mocks from the same ",[27,1973,1974],{"href":742},"question banks"," as live exams.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":1977},[1978],{"id":1949,"depth":48,"text":1950},[1980],{"label":317,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpractice-exams",[857,851,931],{"description":47},"A practice exam, or mock, is a low-stakes rehearsal of a real exam under realistic conditions — same format, timing and rules — used to prepare candidates and build familiarity.","What is a practice exam (mock exam)?","A low-stakes run-through of an exam under realistic conditions, used to prepare and to reduce exam-day anxiety.","glossary\u002Fpractice-exams","Practice exams (mocks)","Y_RNLIS1vjisELxszU-ZqPc-tl9pgukxChoUn4Ej5hI",{"id":1992,"title":1993,"body":1994,"category":454,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2021,"meta":2023,"navigation":57,"path":2024,"related":2025,"seo":2026,"seoDescription":2027,"seoTitle":2028,"shortDescription":2029,"slug":464,"stem":2030,"term":2004,"__hash__":2031},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fpredictive-analytics.md","Predictive Analytics",{"type":7,"value":1995,"toc":2018},[1996,2000,2006],[10,1997,1999],{"id":1998},"what-is-predictive-analytics","What is predictive analytics?",[15,2001,2002,2005],{},[19,2003,2004],{},"Predictive analytics"," uses patterns in historical data to anticipate what's likely to happen next — for example, flagging which learners are at risk of not passing, so support can be targeted before it's too late.",[15,2007,2008,2009,2011,2012,2014,2015,2017],{},"In assessment, prediction is only as good as the signals behind it: ",[27,2010,1315],{"href":1314}," over time, practice activity, and how a learner performs on questions of known ",[27,2013,638],{"href":637},". Rich, well-tagged ",[27,2016,450],{"href":449}," are the foundation — the more granular and reliable the data, the more useful any forecast becomes.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2019},[2020],{"id":1998,"depth":48,"text":1999},[2022],{"label":1344,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpredictive-analytics",[462,469,463],{"description":47},"Predictive analytics uses historical performance data to anticipate future outcomes — for example, identifying learners at risk of underperforming so support can be targeted early.","What is predictive analytics in education?","Using past performance data to anticipate future outcomes — such as which learners are at risk of not passing.","glossary\u002Fpredictive-analytics","bDxTo2CZfCY4XynXEyQoc0ktQDAoqOWR_xLPDYX-I_s",{"id":2033,"title":2034,"body":2035,"category":1170,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2077,"meta":2080,"navigation":57,"path":2081,"related":2082,"seo":2083,"seoDescription":2084,"seoTitle":2085,"shortDescription":2086,"slug":356,"stem":2087,"term":2034,"__hash__":2088},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fproctoring.md","Proctoring",{"type":7,"value":2036,"toc":2073},[2037,2041,2050,2053,2055,2061],[10,2038,2040],{"id":2039},"what-is-proctoring","What is proctoring?",[15,2042,2043,2045,2046,2049],{},[19,2044,2034],{}," (also called ",[33,2047,2048],{},"invigilation",") is the supervision of an exam to make sure it is taken fairly. It verifies that the right person is sitting the exam and that they don't get unauthorised help — whether the exam takes place in a physical venue or remotely on a candidate's own device.",[15,2051,2052],{},"Modern remote proctoring can combine webcam and screen recording, a locked-down full-screen environment, and automated detection of behaviour such as switching to another application — pausing the exam and logging the event for a human to review.",[10,2054,631],{"id":630},[15,2056,2057,2058,2060],{},"For any high-stakes or ",[27,2059,974],{"href":973},", proctoring is what lets the result be trusted by the people who rely on it — regulators, employers and the public. It protects both the integrity of the exam and the value of the credential.",[15,2062,2063,2064,2067,2068,2072],{},"Synap offers online and in-person proctoring, lockdown and breach detection as part of its ",[27,2065,2066],{"href":364},"exam security"," — the safeguards behind the ",[27,2069,2071],{"href":2070},"\u002Fsecured-by-synap\u002F","Secured by Synap"," badge.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2074},[2075,2076],{"id":2039,"depth":48,"text":2040},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},[2078,2079],{"label":363,"to":364},{"label":2071,"to":2070},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fproctoring",[223,994],{"description":47},"Proctoring is the supervision of an exam, in person or remotely, to verify a candidate's identity and to deter and detect misconduct during the assessment.","What is proctoring (online invigilation)?","Supervising an exam — in person or remotely — to verify identity and deter and detect misconduct.","glossary\u002Fproctoring","jqlSqPQJWi-QRKehWiZxpJ_W9RGLv-D7iG3q6zMClBY",{"id":2090,"title":2091,"body":2092,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2124,"meta":2126,"navigation":57,"path":2127,"related":2128,"seo":2129,"seoDescription":2130,"seoTitle":2131,"shortDescription":2132,"slug":222,"stem":2133,"term":2134,"__hash__":2135},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fprofessional-organisation.md","Professional Organisation",{"type":7,"value":2093,"toc":2121},[2094,2098,2107],[10,2095,2097],{"id":2096},"what-is-a-professional-organisation","What is a professional organisation?",[15,2099,17,2100,180,2103,2106],{},[19,2101,2102],{},"professional organisation",[33,2104,2105],{},"professional body",") represents, supports and often regulates a particular profession — in medicine, law, accountancy, engineering and many others. Part of that role is usually setting the assessments people must pass to qualify, and sometimes to stay certified through continuing professional development.",[15,2108,2109,2110,2113,2114,2117,2118,2120],{},"Like an ",[27,2111,179],{"href":2112},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fawarding-body\u002F",", a professional organisation's credibility rests on the rigour of its exams. It needs secure, ",[27,2115,2116],{"href":355},"proctored",", defensible ",[27,2119,196],{"href":195}," assessment — often for members worldwide and at scale. Synap supports professional bodies running exactly this kind of programme.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2122},[2123],{"id":2096,"depth":48,"text":2097},[2125],{"label":218,"to":210},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fprofessional-organisation",[227,114,356],{"description":47},"A professional organisation, or professional body, represents and often regulates a profession — setting and running the exams members must pass to qualify or maintain certification.","What is a professional organisation (professional body)?","A body that represents and regulates a profession — often setting the exams members must pass to qualify or stay certified.","glossary\u002Fprofessional-organisation","Professional organisation","S5BrjQMAY2jsPMYF0F4zX7mqnSNaXHpP-RYUswa4ltc",{"id":2137,"title":2138,"body":2139,"category":267,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2167,"meta":2169,"navigation":57,"path":2170,"related":2171,"seo":2172,"seoDescription":2173,"seoTitle":2144,"shortDescription":2174,"slug":275,"stem":2175,"term":2176,"__hash__":2177},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fprovisional-marking.md","Provisional Marking",{"type":7,"value":2140,"toc":2164},[2141,2145,2151],[10,2142,2144],{"id":2143},"what-is-a-provisional-marker","What is a provisional marker?",[15,2146,2147,2148,2150],{},"In a multi-marker workflow, the ",[19,2149,257],{}," marker is the first person to score a candidate's response. Their mark is the starting point — it may be accepted as-is, or checked and adjusted by other roles before it becomes final.",[15,2152,2153,2154,192,2156,202,2158,2160,2161,2163],{},"Provisional marking is one of several roles Synap supports, alongside ",[27,2155,703],{"href":248},[27,2157,281],{"href":706},[27,2159,1562],{"href":1561},". Together with ",[27,2162,697],{"href":696},", they let several markers contribute to a single, defensible final mark.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2165},[2166],{"id":2143,"depth":48,"text":2144},[2168],{"label":270,"to":261},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fprovisional-marking",[274,281,549],{"description":47},"A provisional marker is the first marker to score a candidate's response. Their mark is a starting point that may be moderated, back-read or resolved against other markers.","The first marker to score a response, whose mark may then be moderated or resolved against others.","glossary\u002Fprovisional-marking","Provisional (marker role)","aBjZfL8VTtlFEZoXLyqjcz9JJozyUUW6bi1i5JL5WZk",{"id":2179,"title":660,"body":2180,"category":660,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2218,"meta":2220,"navigation":57,"path":2221,"related":2222,"seo":2223,"seoDescription":2224,"seoTitle":2225,"shortDescription":2226,"slug":668,"stem":2227,"term":660,"__hash__":2228},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fpsychometrics.md",{"type":7,"value":2181,"toc":2214},[2182,2186,2191,2204,2206,2209],[10,2183,2185],{"id":2184},"what-is-psychometrics","What is psychometrics?",[15,2187,2188,2190],{},[19,2189,660],{}," is the science of measurement in assessment. It covers both the measurement of a candidate's knowledge or ability, and the evaluation of the test itself — is it reliable, is it fair, and is each question actually doing its job?",[15,2192,2193,2194,2196,2197,2200,2201,2203],{},"In practice, psychometrics gives assessment teams a set of statistics to interrogate their exams: how hard each question proved (",[27,2195,645],{"href":637},"), how well it separates stronger from weaker candidates (",[27,2198,2199],{"href":1272},"discrimination","), and how consistently the whole exam measures (",[27,2202,650],{"href":649},").",[10,2205,631],{"id":630},[15,2207,2208],{},"Without psychometric evidence, you can't tell which questions are working and which are quietly undermining your exam. Psychometrics is what turns a quiz into a defensible, standardised assessment.",[15,2210,2211,2212,655],{},"Synap reports item- and exam-level psychometrics automatically — see how it works on the ",[27,2213,654],{"href":458},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2215},[2216,2217],{"id":2184,"depth":48,"text":2185},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},[2219],{"label":663,"to":458},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fpsychometrics",[667,672,650],{"description":47},"Psychometrics is the science of measuring knowledge, skills and ability, and of evaluating whether a test measures what it should — reliably and fairly.","What is psychometrics in assessment?","The science of measuring knowledge and ability — and of checking that a test measures fairly and reliably.","glossary\u002Fpsychometrics","D-8Unb0JPauBZwC2rCfPE4uOeu7Yai8GEl3pDhhKwbA",{"id":2230,"title":2231,"body":2232,"category":51,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2261,"meta":2263,"navigation":57,"path":2264,"related":2265,"seo":2266,"seoDescription":2267,"seoTitle":2268,"shortDescription":2269,"slug":1475,"stem":2270,"term":2271,"__hash__":2272},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fqti.md","Qti",{"type":7,"value":2233,"toc":2258},[2234,2238,2244],[10,2235,2237],{"id":2236},"what-is-qti","What is QTI?",[15,2239,2240,2243],{},[19,2241,2242],{},"QTI"," — Question and Test Interoperability — is a standard (also from 1EdTech) for representing questions and tests in a common format, so that items and assessments can be moved between different authoring and delivery systems without being rebuilt by hand.",[15,2245,2246,2247,2251,2252,2254,2255,45],{},"For organisations with large ",[27,2248,2250],{"href":2249},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fitem-banking\u002F","item banks",", interoperability matters: it protects content investment and avoids lock-in. Synap supports importing items in bulk — for example via CSV and its ",[27,2253,30],{"href":29}," — so existing banks can be brought onto the platform. See ",[27,2256,2257],{"href":43},"APIs and integrations",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2259},[2260],{"id":2236,"depth":48,"text":2237},[2262],{"label":592,"to":43},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fqti",[1474,61,1232],{"description":47},"QTI (Question & Test Interoperability) is a standard format for representing questions and tests, so items can be exchanged between different assessment authoring and delivery systems.","What is QTI (Question & Test Interoperability)?","A standard for representing questions and tests so they can be moved between different assessment systems.","glossary\u002Fqti","QTI (Question & Test Interoperability)","iDb92pchdXf-RJE1j-KMV0Khz-kW3FXbL9r3IlTkPiQ",{"id":2274,"title":2275,"body":2276,"category":845,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2304,"meta":2306,"navigation":57,"path":2307,"related":2308,"seo":2309,"seoDescription":2310,"seoTitle":2281,"shortDescription":2311,"slug":851,"stem":2312,"term":2313,"__hash__":2314},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fquestion-banks.md","Question Banks",{"type":7,"value":2277,"toc":2301},[2278,2282,2291],[10,2279,2281],{"id":2280},"what-is-a-question-bank","What is a question bank?",[15,2283,17,2284,2286,2287,2290],{},[19,2285,1200],{}," is a managed collection of questions that you draw on to build exams, mocks and practice sessions. Rather than writing questions afresh each time, you maintain a growing, ",[27,2288,2289],{"href":1211},"tagged"," library and assemble assessments from it.",[15,2292,2293,2294,2296,2297,2300],{},"A well-run question bank is the foundation of scalable assessment: questions can be reused, randomised, versioned and improved over time based on their ",[27,2295,445],{"href":444},". The discipline of building and maintaining one is called ",[27,2298,2299],{"href":2249},"item banking",". Synap's question banks power practice, mocks and live exams alike.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2302},[2303],{"id":2280,"depth":48,"text":2281},[2305],{"label":317,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fquestion-banks",[1232,322,857],{"description":47},"A question bank is a managed collection of questions — tagged, versioned and reusable — from which exams, mocks and practice sessions are drawn.","A managed collection of questions from which exams and practice sessions are drawn.","glossary\u002Fquestion-banks","Question banks","Bwef1n8Xf7S-f09cmAAs75zC4TU1zIIoT34BP2RgLY0",{"id":2316,"title":2317,"body":2318,"category":454,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2352,"meta":2354,"navigation":57,"path":2355,"related":2356,"seo":2357,"seoDescription":2358,"seoTitle":2359,"shortDescription":2360,"slug":463,"stem":2361,"term":2328,"__hash__":2362},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fquestion-statistics.md","Question Statistics",{"type":7,"value":2319,"toc":2349},[2320,2324,2339],[10,2321,2323],{"id":2322},"what-are-question-statistics","What are question statistics?",[15,2325,2326,180,2329,2332,2333,2335,2336,2338],{},[19,2327,2328],{},"Question statistics",[33,2330,2331],{},"item statistics",") are the numbers that tell you how a single question actually performed once candidates have answered it. The core measures are ",[27,2334,645],{"href":637}," — how hard it proved — and ",[27,2337,2199],{"href":1272}," — how well it separated stronger from weaker candidates.",[15,2340,2341,2342,2345,2346,2348],{},"They also include ",[33,2343,2344],{},"distractor analysis",": how many candidates chose each option, which reveals whether the wrong answers are doing their job or whether an option is misleading. Together, question statistics are what let assessment teams keep a ",[27,2347,1200],{"href":742}," sharp, fair and defensible. Synap reports them on every question.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2350},[2351],{"id":2322,"depth":48,"text":2323},[2353],{"label":663,"to":458},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fquestion-statistics",[667,672,668],{"description":47},"Question statistics are the item-level metrics that show how each question performed — difficulty (P-value), discrimination, and the distribution of responses across options.","What are question statistics (item statistics)?","The item-level metrics that show how each question performed — difficulty, discrimination and how each option was chosen.","glossary\u002Fquestion-statistics","I5VW-qa3HHBVa40SYNF0RbTgrX9WIn5JdSPuNaSkOpw",{"id":2364,"title":2365,"body":2366,"category":660,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2404,"meta":2406,"navigation":57,"path":2407,"related":2408,"seo":2409,"seoDescription":2410,"seoTitle":2411,"shortDescription":2412,"slug":650,"stem":2413,"term":2414,"__hash__":2415},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Freliability.md","Reliability",{"type":7,"value":2367,"toc":2400},[2368,2372,2377,2384,2386,2393],[10,2369,2371],{"id":2370},"what-is-reliability","What is reliability?",[15,2373,2374,2376],{},[19,2375,2365],{}," is the extent to which an exam measures consistently — if a candidate sat an equivalent version, would they get a similar result? It's a property of the whole test, not a single question, and it's one of the two pillars of a sound assessment (the other being validity).",[15,2378,2379,2380,2383],{},"For objective tests where each question is marked right or wrong, reliability is commonly reported as the ",[19,2381,2382],{},"KR-20"," (Kuder–Richardson 20) coefficient. Like many reliability measures it runs from 0 to 1, and higher is better — values around 0.8 and above are generally considered good for a high-stakes exam.",[10,2385,631],{"id":630},[15,2387,2388,2389,2392],{},"A high-stakes result you can defend depends on a reliable exam. Reliability rises when questions are well-written and ",[27,2390,2391],{"href":1272},"discriminate"," well, and when the exam has enough of them. It's exactly the kind of evidence regulators and awarding bodies expect to see.",[15,2394,2395,2396,651,2398,655],{},"Synap reports whole-exam reliability as KR-20, alongside item-level ",[27,2397,668],{"href":205},[27,2399,654],{"href":458},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2401},[2402,2403],{"id":2370,"depth":48,"text":2371},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},[2405],{"label":663,"to":458},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Freliability",[668,672,994],{"description":47},"Reliability is how consistently an exam measures what it sets out to. For objective tests it is often reported as the KR-20 coefficient, from 0 to 1.","What is reliability (KR-20) in assessment?","How consistently an exam measures — often reported for objective tests as the KR-20 coefficient.","glossary\u002Freliability","Reliability (KR-20)","lRKNsqW_v3dY5BpraEl2wMuh24tyKqVNaUOCBIKjuq4",{"id":2417,"title":2418,"body":2419,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2448,"meta":2450,"navigation":57,"path":2451,"related":2452,"seo":2453,"seoDescription":2454,"seoTitle":2424,"shortDescription":2455,"slug":2456,"stem":2457,"term":2458,"__hash__":2459},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fresit-retake.md","Resit Retake",{"type":7,"value":2420,"toc":2445},[2421,2425,2435],[10,2422,2424],{"id":2423},"what-is-a-resit-or-retake","What is a resit or retake?",[15,2426,17,2427,2430,2431,2434],{},[19,2428,2429],{},"resit"," — the usual term in the UK — or a ",[19,2432,2433],{},"retake",", as it's more often called in the US, is when a candidate sits an exam again after a previous attempt. The two words mean the same thing; which you hear depends mostly on where you are.",[15,2436,2437,2438,2441,2442,2444],{},"Resits are governed by rules: who is eligible, how long they must wait, how many attempts are allowed, and how the new result is treated (does it replace the old one, or is it capped?). Managing these fairly and automatically matters at scale. Good ",[27,2439,2440],{"href":1966},"exam prep"," between attempts — targeted ",[27,2443,931],{"href":820}," on weak areas — is what turns a resit into a pass.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2446},[2447],{"id":2423,"depth":48,"text":2424},[2449],{"label":317,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fresit-retake",[114,896,201],{"description":47},"A resit (UK) or retake (US) is sitting an exam again after a previous attempt, usually under defined rules about eligibility, timing and how the result is treated.","Sitting an exam again after a previous attempt — 'resit' in UK usage, 'retake' in US usage.","resit-retake","glossary\u002Fresit-retake","Resit \u002F Retake","tlbFfsGLkdBcDKE_04QYc7UPZQpWh5rDzgNhegjNdyA",{"id":2461,"title":2462,"body":2463,"category":267,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2502,"meta":2504,"navigation":57,"path":2505,"related":2506,"seo":2507,"seoDescription":2508,"seoTitle":2468,"shortDescription":2509,"slug":549,"stem":2510,"term":2511,"__hash__":2512},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fresolution-marking.md","Resolution Marking",{"type":7,"value":2464,"toc":2499},[2465,2469,2490],[10,2466,2468],{"id":2467},"what-is-resolution-marking","What is resolution marking?",[15,2470,2471,2472,2474,2475,2478,2479,2478,2482,2485,2486,2489],{},"When a response is marked by more than one person, ",[19,2473,1029],{}," is the rule that turns their several scores into one final mark. Common strategies are to take the ",[33,2476,2477],{},"average",", the ",[33,2480,2481],{},"highest",[33,2483,2484],{},"lowest"," or the ",[33,2487,2488],{},"median"," of the markers' scores.",[15,2491,2492,2493,2496,2497,263],{},"Resolution keeps multi-marker exams both fair and efficient: most responses resolve automatically, and only those where markers disagree beyond an agreed threshold need to be ",[27,2494,2495],{"href":1561},"escalated"," for a human decision. Synap lets you configure the resolution strategy as part of its ",[27,2498,262],{"href":261},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2500},[2501],{"id":2467,"depth":48,"text":2468},[2503],{"label":270,"to":261},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fresolution-marking",[274,276,201],{"description":47},"Resolution marking is the rule used to combine several markers' scores into a single final mark — such as taking the average, highest, lowest or median.","The rule that combines several markers' scores into one final mark — for example by averaging or taking the highest.","glossary\u002Fresolution-marking","Resolution marking","XbShcyHoWj-JLiJ8jU3TTWFiu08hI0tK61PDdr8adeI",{"id":2514,"title":2515,"body":2516,"category":845,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2555,"meta":2557,"navigation":57,"path":2558,"related":2559,"seo":2560,"seoDescription":2561,"seoTitle":2521,"shortDescription":2562,"slug":931,"stem":2563,"term":2515,"__hash__":2564},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Frevision.md","Revision",{"type":7,"value":2517,"toc":2552},[2518,2522,2531],[10,2519,2521],{"id":2520},"what-is-revision","What is revision?",[15,2523,2524,2526,2527,2530],{},[19,2525,2515],{}," is the process of going back over material you've already studied to reinforce it before an assessment. It's distinct from first-time ",[27,2528,932],{"href":2529},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fstudy\u002F",": the goal is consolidation and recall, not initial understanding.",[15,2532,2533,2534,2537,2538,2541,2542,2545,2546,2548,2549,922],{},"The most effective revision is ",[33,2535,2536],{},"active"," — testing yourself rather than re-reading — and ",[33,2539,2540],{},"spaced"," out over time rather than crammed. That's why ",[27,2543,937],{"href":2544},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fflashcards\u002F",", practice questions and ",[27,2547,833],{"href":832}," are such staples of good revision. Synap brings them together in one ",[27,2550,2551],{"href":318},"revision and exam prep",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2553},[2554],{"id":2520,"depth":48,"text":2521},[2556],{"label":317,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frevision",[932,852,322],{"description":47},"Revision is the process of reviewing and reinforcing previously studied material ahead of an assessment, ideally using active recall and spaced practice.","Reviewing and reinforcing material already studied, in the run-up to an assessment.","glossary\u002Frevision","V1SEnzrG-m0kkS2sirwMAYWdGQvXfMcdGoX3VzNtric",{"id":2566,"title":2567,"body":2568,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2591,"meta":2593,"navigation":57,"path":2594,"related":2595,"seo":2596,"seoDescription":2597,"seoTitle":2598,"shortDescription":2599,"slug":503,"stem":2600,"term":2578,"__hash__":2601},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Frole-based-access.md","Role Based Access",{"type":7,"value":2569,"toc":2588},[2570,2574,2580],[10,2571,2573],{"id":2572},"what-is-role-based-access-control","What is role-based access control?",[15,2575,2576,2579],{},[19,2577,2578],{},"Role-based access control (RBAC)"," grants permissions according to a person's role rather than to each individual. A question writer, an exam marker, an administrator and a candidate each get exactly the access their role needs — and nothing more.",[15,2581,2582,2583,2585,2586,45],{},"In assessment this matters enormously: it keeps content teams away from candidates' personal data, stops markers seeing information that could bias them, and limits exposure of live exam content. Fine-grained, field-level RBAC — combined with ",[27,2584,1924],{"href":1923}," — is a cornerstone of Synap's ",[27,2587,1166],{"href":108},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2589},[2590],{"id":2572,"depth":48,"text":2573},[2592],{"label":107,"to":108},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frole-based-access",[1924,62,1180],{"description":47},"Role-based access control (RBAC) grants permissions based on a person's role, so users can only see and do what their role allows — keeping sensitive content and candidate data protected.","What is role-based access control (RBAC)?","Controlling what each person can see and do based on their role, so sensitive content and data stay protected.","glossary\u002Frole-based-access","008tOZhFqo4QjB-kmr-5hc8C02Y466x99snRtyBMYV4",{"id":2603,"title":2604,"body":2605,"category":51,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2630,"meta":2632,"navigation":57,"path":2633,"related":2634,"seo":2635,"seoDescription":2636,"seoTitle":2610,"shortDescription":2637,"slug":1474,"stem":2638,"term":2615,"__hash__":2639},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fscorm.md","Scorm",{"type":7,"value":2606,"toc":2627},[2607,2611,2617],[10,2608,2610],{"id":2609},"what-is-scorm","What is SCORM?",[15,2612,2613,2616],{},[19,2614,2615],{},"SCORM"," (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is a long-established standard for packaging e-learning content. A SCORM package is a self-contained bundle of learning material that any SCORM-compliant platform can play — and that reports back consistent data such as completion and score.",[15,2618,2619,2620,2623,2624,45],{},"Its value is portability: content authored once can be reused across different systems without rebuilding it. Synap can include SCORM content as part of an ",[27,2621,2622],{"href":1966},"assignment",", so packaged e-learning sits alongside quizzes, submissions and other tasks. See ",[27,2625,2626],{"href":1869},"assignments and coursework",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2628},[2629],{"id":2609,"depth":48,"text":2610},[2631],{"label":1887,"to":1869},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fscorm",[61,1475,60],{"description":47},"SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is a standard for packaging e-learning content so it can run and report completion and scores consistently across different platforms.","A long-standing standard for packaging e-learning content so it runs and reports consistently across platforms.","glossary\u002Fscorm","nLQlhCcM8HAOqiiHY5WIKcyzB1msFzyV04hbpZIrxyE",{"id":2641,"title":2642,"body":2643,"category":407,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2661,"meta":2663,"navigation":57,"path":2664,"related":2665,"seo":2666,"seoDescription":2667,"seoTitle":2648,"shortDescription":2668,"slug":415,"stem":2669,"term":2670,"__hash__":2671},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fshort-answer-question.md","Short Answer Question",{"type":7,"value":2644,"toc":2658},[2645,2649,2655],[10,2646,2648],{"id":2647},"what-is-a-short-answer-question","What is a short answer question?",[15,2650,17,2651,2654],{},[19,2652,2653],{},"short answer question"," asks the candidate to type a brief response — a word, a number, a phrase — rather than choosing from options. It sits between a multiple choice question and a fully written free-text answer.",[15,2656,2657],{},"Because the author defines a list of accepted answers in advance (with control over things like case sensitivity), short answer questions can be marked automatically and instantly, with an option to fall back to manual marking for unmatched responses. That makes them a good fit where recognition isn't enough but a full essay isn't needed.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2659},[2660],{"id":2647,"depth":48,"text":2648},[2662],{"label":410,"to":402},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fshort-answer-question",[391,414,1135],{"description":47},"A short answer question asks the candidate to type a brief response, which is auto-marked by matching it against a defined list of accepted answers.","A question where the candidate types a brief answer that is matched against a list of accepted responses.","glossary\u002Fshort-answer-question","Short answer question","MaYY1hh18zIPtXfLGwoHxsHz_xAisMQcX3y8Nn5A2UY",{"id":2673,"title":1606,"body":2674,"category":407,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2724,"meta":2727,"navigation":57,"path":2728,"related":2729,"seo":2730,"seoDescription":2731,"seoTitle":2732,"shortDescription":2733,"slug":416,"stem":2734,"term":2684,"__hash__":2735},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsingle-best-answer.md",{"type":7,"value":2675,"toc":2720},[2676,2680,2697,2704,2706,2714],[10,2677,2679],{"id":2678},"what-is-a-single-best-answer-question","What is a Single Best Answer question?",[15,2681,17,2682,2685,2686,2688,2689,2692,2693,2696],{},[19,2683,2684],{},"Single Best Answer (SBA)"," question is a form of multiple-choice question used widely in medical, legal and professional exams. It presents a realistic scenario — the ",[19,2687,1719],{}," — followed by a focused question — the ",[19,2690,2691],{},"lead-in"," — and a set of options where every option is plausible, but one is the ",[33,2694,2695],{},"single best"," answer rather than the only correct one.",[15,2698,2699,2700,2703],{},"This is what separates a well-written SBA from a basic multiple-choice question: the distractors are all defensible, so the candidate has to reason about which option is ",[33,2701,2702],{},"most"," appropriate. That makes SBAs a rigorous, efficient way to test applied knowledge that can still be marked objectively and instantly.",[10,2705,631],{"id":630},[15,2707,2708,2709,202,2711,2713],{},"Because SBAs are auto-marked, they scale to large cohorts while remaining consistent and defensible. Paired with item statistics — such as ",[27,2710,645],{"href":637},[27,2712,2199],{"href":1272}," — they let assessment teams build banks of questions that are proven to work.",[15,2715,2716,2717,2719],{},"Synap supports proper SBA structure (separated stem and lead-in, option-level feedback) as part of its ",[27,2718,654],{"href":458}," toolkit.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2721},[2722,2723],{"id":2678,"depth":48,"text":2679},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},[2725],{"label":2726,"to":458},"Single Best Answer & standardised testing",{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsingle-best-answer",[223,668,667],{"description":47},"A Single Best Answer (SBA) is a multiple-choice question that sets a scenario (the stem), asks a focused question (the lead-in), and offers plausible options where one is the best answer.","What is a Single Best Answer (SBA) question?","A multiple-choice question with several plausible options where one is the single best answer, not merely the only correct one.","glossary\u002Fsingle-best-answer","5j5WEacbNbViS7Xx4tnKtFJNRL2o2C4AsOiLy2ffkIQ",{"id":2737,"title":1838,"body":2738,"category":845,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2766,"meta":2768,"navigation":57,"path":2769,"related":2770,"seo":2771,"seoDescription":2772,"seoTitle":2773,"shortDescription":2774,"slug":852,"stem":2775,"term":1838,"__hash__":2776},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fspaced-learning.md",{"type":7,"value":2739,"toc":2763},[2740,2744,2753],[10,2741,2743],{"id":2742},"what-is-spaced-learning","What is spaced learning?",[15,2745,2746,2045,2749,2752],{},[19,2747,2748],{},"Spaced learning",[33,2750,2751],{},"spaced repetition",") is a study technique based on a simple finding from memory research: we remember things better when we review them at increasing intervals, rather than cramming them all at once. Each item is resurfaced just as it's about to slip away, which strengthens the memory a little more each time.",[15,2754,2755,2756,2758,2759,202,2761,45],{},"Done by hand it's fiddly; done by software it's powerful. Synap's Spaced Learning engine tracks each learner's ",[27,2757,1315],{"href":1314}," and schedules the right questions at the right time — the heart of effective ",[27,2760,931],{"href":820},[27,2762,2440],{"href":1966},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2764},[2765],{"id":2742,"depth":48,"text":2743},[2767],{"label":317,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fspaced-learning",[931,937,1528],{"description":47},"Spaced learning, or spaced repetition, reviews material at increasing intervals over time — revisiting each item just before it would be forgotten — to build durable memory.","What is spaced learning (spaced repetition)?","Reviewing material at increasing intervals over time, so it's revisited just as it's about to be forgotten.","glossary\u002Fspaced-learning","uMj4r5HZm4AvVPoCNjMvigZv1d6uYUCvInjrrjCQf5M",{"id":2778,"title":2779,"body":2780,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2826,"meta":2828,"navigation":57,"path":2829,"related":2830,"seo":2831,"seoDescription":2832,"seoTitle":2785,"shortDescription":2833,"slug":223,"stem":2834,"term":2790,"__hash__":2835},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fstandardised-testing.md","Standardised Testing",{"type":7,"value":2781,"toc":2822},[2782,2786,2792,2806,2808,2816],[10,2783,2785],{"id":2784},"what-is-standardised-testing","What is standardised testing?",[15,2787,2788,2791],{},[19,2789,2790],{},"Standardised testing"," means every candidate takes an exam that is administered and scored in the same, consistent way — the same conditions, the same rules, and the same marking standards — so that a result means the same thing no matter who sat it or when.",[15,2793,2794,2795,2798,2799,2802,2803,2805],{},"Standardisation is what makes scores ",[33,2796,2797],{},"comparable"," and decisions ",[33,2800,2801],{},"defensible",". It usually combines consistent delivery (fixed timing, ",[27,2804,356],{"href":355},", controlled conditions), objective or rubric-based marking, and psychometric evidence that the questions and the exam as a whole are behaving as they should.",[10,2807,631],{"id":630},[15,2809,2810,2811,202,2813,2815],{},"High-stakes decisions — licensing, admissions, certification — rest on the assumption that the test was fair and comparable. Standardisation, backed by ",[27,2812,668],{"href":205},[27,2814,650],{"href":649}," evidence, is what justifies that assumption.",[15,2817,2818,2819,2821],{},"Synap is built for rigorous ",[27,2820,654],{"href":458},": proper question structure, item- and exam-level statistics, and secure, comparable delivery at scale.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2823},[2824,2825],{"id":2784,"depth":48,"text":2785},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},[2827],{"label":2726,"to":458},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fstandardised-testing",[416,668,650],{"description":47},"Standardised testing is assessment administered and scored in a consistent, comparable way, so that results are fair and mean the same thing for every candidate.","Assessment administered and scored in a consistent, comparable way so results mean the same thing for every candidate.","glossary\u002Fstandardised-testing","eKm583F8AxTlWLCSGu8Sp2lo-nLWuduvLfqnewg0dIc",{"id":2837,"title":2838,"body":2839,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2886,"meta":2888,"navigation":57,"path":2889,"related":2890,"seo":2891,"seoDescription":2892,"seoTitle":2844,"shortDescription":2893,"slug":1719,"stem":2894,"term":2849,"__hash__":2895},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fstem.md","Stem",{"type":7,"value":2840,"toc":2883},[2841,2845,2867],[10,2842,2844],{"id":2843},"what-does-stem-mean","What does STEM mean?",[15,2846,2847,2850,2851,2854,2855,2858,2859,2862,2863,2866],{},[19,2848,2849],{},"STEM"," stands for ",[19,2852,2853],{},"S","cience, ",[19,2856,2857],{},"T","echnology, ",[19,2860,2861],{},"E","ngineering and ",[19,2864,2865],{},"M","athematics — a widely used grouping of the technical disciplines. It's shorthand in education and policy for the subjects seen as central to innovation and the modern economy.",[15,2868,2869,2870,2874,2875,2877,2878,2882],{},"Assessing STEM well brings specific demands: mathematical notation and formulas, diagrams and figures, calculation, and question types like ",[27,2871,2873],{"href":2872},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fimage-hotspot-question\u002F","image hotspots"," for labelling. Synap supports rich media and a broad range of ",[27,2876,403],{"href":402}," that suit STEM assessment, from school ",[27,2879,2881],{"href":2880},"\u002Fglossary\u002Folympiad\u002F","olympiads"," to professional exams.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2884},[2885],{"id":2843,"depth":48,"text":2844},[2887],{"label":410,"to":402},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fstem",[1694,1135,416],{"description":47},"STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics — a grouping of subjects whose assessment often requires formulas, diagrams, calculation and specialist question types.","Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics — subjects that often need formulas, diagrams and calculation in assessment.","glossary\u002Fstem","L_eZT43neK2txZtXQegkW-q7KBR2Dkx6RVLwuQsFOYI",{"id":2897,"title":2898,"body":2899,"category":845,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2928,"meta":2930,"navigation":57,"path":2931,"related":2932,"seo":2933,"seoDescription":2934,"seoTitle":2935,"shortDescription":2936,"slug":932,"stem":2937,"term":2898,"__hash__":2938},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fstudy.md","Study",{"type":7,"value":2900,"toc":2925},[2901,2905,2913],[10,2902,2904],{"id":2903},"what-is-study","What is study?",[15,2906,2907,2909,2910,2912],{},[19,2908,2898],{}," is the first stage of the learning cycle: encountering and making sense of new material. Where ",[27,2911,931],{"href":820}," reinforces what you already know, study is about building that understanding in the first place — reading, working through examples, and testing early comprehension.",[15,2914,2915,2916,2918,2919,2921,2922,922],{},"On a platform like Synap, study, revision and assessment aren't separate tools but one continuous experience over a shared ",[27,2917,1200],{"href":742},": learners study content, reinforce it with ",[27,2920,833],{"href":832},", and are assessed on the same material. See the ",[27,2923,2924],{"href":318},"study and exam prep",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2926},[2927],{"id":2903,"depth":48,"text":2904},[2929],{"label":317,"to":318},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fstudy",[931,852,1528],{"description":47},"Study is the process of learning material for the first time — building initial understanding, before it is reinforced through revision and checked through assessment.","What is study (in the learning cycle)?","The process of learning material for the first time — building understanding before revision and assessment.","glossary\u002Fstudy","Ka-wRHr37KFe0RvH8Yjb4YFpcoQdUs_BhZ79duPnYWg",{"id":2940,"title":2941,"body":2942,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":2969,"meta":2971,"navigation":57,"path":2972,"related":2973,"seo":2974,"seoDescription":2975,"seoTitle":2947,"shortDescription":2976,"slug":1924,"stem":2977,"term":2952,"__hash__":2978},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsub-portals.md","Sub Portals",{"type":7,"value":2943,"toc":2966},[2944,2948,2954],[10,2945,2947],{"id":2946},"what-are-sub-portals","What are sub-portals?",[15,2949,2950,2953],{},[19,2951,2952],{},"Sub-portals"," let one organisation run several separate, self-contained areas inside a single account. Each sub-portal can have its own users, content, branding and — crucially — its own data boundary, so audiences are kept properly apart.",[15,2955,2956,2957,202,2961,2963,2964,45],{},"They're invaluable when you serve distinct groups: different institutions, regions, partners or client organisations, each of whom should only ever see their own people and content. Combined with ",[27,2958,2960],{"href":2959},"\u002Fglossary\u002Frole-based-access\u002F","role-based access",[27,2962,62],{"href":1918},", sub-portals let you scale to many audiences without compromising separation. See ",[27,2965,1166],{"href":108},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":2967},[2968],{"id":2946,"depth":48,"text":2947},[2970],{"label":107,"to":108},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsub-portals",[62,503,60],{"description":47},"Sub-portals are separate, self-contained areas within a single platform account — each with its own users, content, branding and data boundaries — used to keep audiences apart.","Separate, self-contained areas within one account — each with its own users, content, branding and data boundaries.","glossary\u002Fsub-portals","PwChHxOXUiPd3zCXV6EJvAkrOWd8oVwAJpnVMHpRC5s",{"id":2980,"title":2981,"body":2982,"category":215,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":3025,"meta":3027,"navigation":57,"path":3028,"related":3029,"seo":3030,"seoDescription":3031,"seoTitle":2987,"shortDescription":3032,"slug":994,"stem":3033,"term":2992,"__hash__":3034},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsummative-assessment.md","Summative Assessment",{"type":7,"value":2983,"toc":3021},[2984,2988,2997,3003,3005,3011],[10,2985,2987],{"id":2986},"what-is-summative-assessment","What is summative assessment?",[15,2989,2990,954,2993,2996],{},[19,2991,2992],{},"Summative assessment",[33,2994,2995],{},"assessment of learning",". It measures what a learner has achieved at a defined point in time — an end-of-unit test, a final exam, a certification. The result is usually a grade or a pass\u002Ffail decision that carries consequences.",[15,2998,2999,3000,3002],{},"Because the stakes are higher, summative assessment demands more: security and ",[27,3001,356],{"href":355}," to protect integrity, standardised delivery so every candidate faces a comparable exam, and defensible marking and grading.",[10,3004,631],{"id":630},[15,3006,3007,3008,3010],{},"A summative result has to hold up to scrutiny. That means paying attention to ",[27,3009,650],{"href":649}," and validity, applying consistent marking (often with moderation), and being able to evidence how a grade was reached.",[15,3012,3013,3014,3016,3017,3020],{},"Synap delivers secure, ",[27,3015,191],{"href":190}," summative exams — with proctoring, moderation and psychometrics — alongside the ",[27,3018,3019],{"href":1753},"formative assessment"," that prepares learners for them.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":3022},[3023,3024],{"id":2986,"depth":48,"text":2987},{"id":630,"depth":48,"text":631},[3026],{"label":990,"to":981},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsummative-assessment",[998,223,650],{"description":47},"Summative assessment is assessment of learning — higher-stakes, graded assessment that measures a learner's achievement at a defined point in time.","Assessment of learning — higher-stakes, graded assessment that measures achievement at a point in time.","glossary\u002Fsummative-assessment","kF0sNz1WTV0As0OnZ8vZ5PB5YAHD6VhKKgtMbfhKPLw",{"id":3036,"title":3037,"body":3038,"category":1170,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":3062,"meta":3064,"navigation":57,"path":3065,"related":3066,"seo":3067,"seoDescription":3068,"seoTitle":3043,"shortDescription":3069,"slug":1434,"stem":3070,"term":3037,"__hash__":3071},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fsynoptic.md","Synoptic",{"type":7,"value":3039,"toc":3059},[3040,3044,3049],[10,3041,3043],{"id":3042},"what-is-synoptic","What is Synoptic?",[15,3045,3046,3048],{},[19,3047,3037],{}," is the proctoring technology behind Synap's secure exams. It's the engine that powers online invigilation — webcam and screen monitoring, a locked-down environment, pre-flight system checks, and detection of behaviour that breaches exam rules.",[15,3050,3051,3052,202,3054,3056,3057,45],{},"Bringing proctoring together into one integrated system means the safeguards work as a whole: identity, environment and behaviour are checked before and throughout an exam, with breaches paused and logged for review. It underpins the ",[27,3053,356],{"href":355},[27,3055,351],{"href":350}," that keep Synap-delivered exams trustworthy. See ",[27,3058,1425],{"href":364},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":3060},[3061],{"id":3042,"depth":48,"text":3043},[3063],{"label":363,"to":364},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fsynoptic",[356,368,1180],{"description":47},"Synoptic is Synap's proctoring technology — the engine behind monitoring, lockdown and integrity checks during an online exam.","Synap's proctoring technology — the engine that powers monitoring, lockdown and integrity checks during an exam.","glossary\u002Fsynoptic","thbZaXOmi9knAhsHmTxflZ9WKU8UMlQ0lYJKw5x35gE",{"id":3073,"title":3074,"body":3075,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":3112,"meta":3114,"navigation":57,"path":3115,"related":3116,"seo":3117,"seoDescription":3118,"seoTitle":3119,"shortDescription":3120,"slug":1228,"stem":3121,"term":3122,"__hash__":3123},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Ftags.md","Tags",{"type":7,"value":3076,"toc":3109},[3077,3081,3097],[10,3078,3080],{"id":3079},"what-are-tags-and-tag-sets","What are tags and tag sets?",[15,3082,3083,3085,3086,3089,3090,3093,3094,3096],{},[19,3084,3074],{}," are labels you attach to questions — by topic, skill, difficulty, learning objective, or anything else you need to organise by. A ",[19,3087,3088],{},"tag set"," groups tags along one dimension, so a single question can be classified across several dimensions at once (its subject ",[33,3091,3092],{},"and"," its skill ",[33,3095,3092],{}," its difficulty, for example).",[15,3098,3099,3100,3102,3103,3106,3107,45],{},"Good tagging is what makes a ",[27,3101,1200],{"href":742}," usable at scale: it powers exam blueprinting, targeted practice, and rich ",[27,3104,3105],{"href":1333},"analytics"," that break performance down by any tag. Synap's tagging system is extensively used in the medical field — see ",[27,3108,1122],{"href":1121},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":3110},[3111],{"id":3079,"depth":48,"text":3080},[3113],{"label":1128,"to":1121},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Ftags",[1232,463,469],{"description":47},"Tags are labels attached to questions — by topic, skill or difficulty — that power organisation and analytics. Tag sets group tags so questions can be classified across multiple dimensions.","What are tags and tag sets in assessment?","Labels attached to questions — by topic, skill, difficulty and more — that power organisation, blueprinting and analytics.","glossary\u002Ftags","Tags & tag sets","2GDO8Eb7LBvbmdxgVSgTJaIUqc4qKCwK-e5VGVmruUs",{"id":3125,"title":3126,"body":3127,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":3155,"meta":3157,"navigation":57,"path":3158,"related":3159,"seo":3160,"seoDescription":3161,"seoTitle":3132,"shortDescription":3162,"slug":596,"stem":3163,"term":3137,"__hash__":3164},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fuser-groups.md","User Groups",{"type":7,"value":3128,"toc":3152},[3129,3133,3142],[10,3130,3132],{"id":3131},"what-are-user-groups","What are user groups?",[15,3134,3135,3138,3139,3141],{},[19,3136,3137],{},"User groups"," let you organise learners into named groups — a class, a cohort, an intake, a team — so you can act on many people at once instead of one by one. Enrol a whole group in an exam or ",[27,3140,2622],{"href":1869},", set a deadline for them, control what they can access, and report on them together.",[15,3143,3144,3145,3148,3149,45],{},"Groups are the practical backbone of running assessment at scale. They make it easy to give different ",[27,3146,3147],{"href":1333},"cohorts"," different deadlines on the same assignment, or to keep audiences cleanly separated within a ",[27,3150,597],{"href":3151},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fportal\u002F",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":3153},[3154],{"id":3131,"depth":48,"text":3132},[3156],{"label":1887,"to":1869},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fuser-groups",[597,1924,469],{"description":47},"User groups organise learners into named groups — a class, cohort or team — so you can enrol, schedule, set deadlines, control access and report on them together.","A way to organise learners into groups for enrolment, scheduling, deadlines, permissions and reporting.","glossary\u002Fuser-groups","jH77ZIkihGH3OBR_9hAox8KtHSZh4K2oqTmUrEBrg0E",{"id":3166,"title":3167,"body":3168,"category":104,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":3193,"meta":3195,"navigation":57,"path":3196,"related":3197,"seo":3198,"seoDescription":3199,"seoTitle":3200,"shortDescription":3201,"slug":112,"stem":3202,"term":3203,"__hash__":3204},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fwcag.md","Wcag",{"type":7,"value":3169,"toc":3190},[3170,3174,3183],[10,3171,3173],{"id":3172},"what-is-wcag","What is WCAG?",[15,3175,3176,3178,3179,3182],{},[19,3177,99],{}," — the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines — is the internationally recognised standard for making digital content usable by people with disabilities. It sets testable success criteria across three levels of conformance: A, AA and AAA, with ",[19,3180,3181],{},"AA"," the level most organisations and regulations aim for.",[15,3184,3185,3186,3189],{},"For exams, accessibility isn't optional — a candidate shouldn't be disadvantaged by the platform itself. Meeting WCAG means the exam works with screen readers, keyboard navigation, sufficient contrast and more. It complements ",[27,3187,119],{"href":3188},"\u002Fglossary\u002Faccommodations\u002F"," such as extra time. Synap is built to WCAG 2.2 AA standards.",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":3191},[3192],{"id":3172,"depth":48,"text":3173},[3194],{"label":107,"to":108},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwcag",[119,114],{"description":47},"WCAG is the international standard for digital accessibility, setting criteria (at levels A, AA and AAA) for making web content usable by people with disabilities.","What is WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)?","The international standard for making digital content accessible to people with disabilities.","glossary\u002Fwcag","WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)","AnCpc3cp8MjwmY2QANA5nwLeGt3rXqO6giPD5FGkQRk",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":3206,"category":51,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":3227,"meta":3229,"navigation":57,"path":58,"related":3230,"seo":3231,"seoDescription":64,"seoTitle":65,"shortDescription":66,"slug":67,"stem":68,"term":5,"__hash__":69},{"type":7,"value":3207,"toc":3224},[3208,3210,3214],[10,3209,13],{"id":12},[15,3211,17,3212,22],{},[19,3213,21],{},[15,3215,25,3216,31,3218,36,3220,40,3222,45],{},[27,3217,30],{"href":29},[33,3219,35],{},[33,3221,39],{},[27,3223,44],{"href":43},{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":3225},[3226],{"id":12,"depth":48,"text":13},[3228],{"label":55,"to":43},{},[60,61,62],{"description":47},{"id":3233,"title":3234,"body":3235,"category":314,"description":47,"extension":52,"learnMore":3263,"meta":3265,"navigation":57,"path":3266,"related":3267,"seo":3268,"seoDescription":3269,"seoTitle":3240,"shortDescription":3270,"slug":62,"stem":3271,"term":3245,"__hash__":3272},"glossary\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhite-labelling.md","White Labelling",{"type":7,"value":3236,"toc":3260},[3237,3241,3247],[10,3238,3240],{"id":3239},"what-is-white-labelling","What is white labelling?",[15,3242,3243,3246],{},[19,3244,3245],{},"White labelling"," means presenting a platform as your own. Instead of your users seeing the vendor's brand, they see yours — your custom domain, logo, colours and emails — so the experience feels like a seamless part of your own product.",[15,3248,3249,3250,3253,3254,3256,3257,45],{},"For organisations running exams or an academy for their customers, white labelling protects the brand relationship and builds trust: the credential and the experience are unmistakably ",[33,3251,3252],{},"theirs",". Synap white-labels end to end, including ",[27,3255,1924],{"href":1923}," for different audiences — see ",[27,3258,3259],{"href":1932},"branding and white-labelling",{"title":47,"searchDepth":48,"depth":48,"links":3261},[3262],{"id":3239,"depth":48,"text":3240},[3264],{"label":1931,"to":1932},{},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhite-labelling",[1924,60,503],{"description":47},"White labelling means running a third-party platform under your own brand — your own domain, logo, colours and emails — so that to your users it looks and feels like your own product.","Running a platform under your own brand — your domain, logo, colours and emails — so it feels like your own product.","glossary\u002Fwhite-labelling","Hm0CngPtfS57y97seHncZAtrM6dIxY_Y7CghuzTBDAk",1784159168395]